DIKE    堤堤

ARTIFICIAL LONG MOUNTAIN NEAR SEA OR RIVER FOR SAFEGUARDING AGAINST FLOOD.
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Old Chinese Criteria
1. The general word for a dike preventing the passage of water is tí 堤 / 隄. Huge water works started in the Warring States period. 2. Bēi 陂 refers specifically to a dam surrounding a rain water reservoir. [Mentioned already in SHIJING] 3. Yàn 堰 refers to a low dam.The oldest evidence of the word dates from the Eastern Han period. 4. Táng 塘 refers to a very large dam constraining the water in a large river or lake. See also POOL. It was also built to protect against sea water. 5. Fáng 防／坊 refers to protective dikes of varying size; it is mentioned already in SHI. 6. Tí fáng 隄防 is a current general way of referring to the dams and dikes in the country. NB: Bà 壩 is a post-Buddhist term for a dam.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 GEOGRAPHY 15. 堤，堤壩，通稱。 防，低窪地所修築的狹長上平的防水之堤。 塘，堤壩，可用於江河、陂池、水庫等，南方楚地用語。 堰，擋水、蓄水的低壩。 陂，建於陂澤地帶用於蓄積雨水的堤壩。 梁，斷水捕魚的堤堰。
Modern Chinese Criteria
堤壩 水壩 壩子 堤岸 堤防 壩 堤 防水壩 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hypernym
  • MOUNTAIN　INTENSELY HIGH PART of a LANDSCAPE, TYPICALLY WITH STEEP SIDES. (anc: 3/0, child: 2)
  • Not defined　 (anc: 2/0, child: 203)
  • PRIME　 (anc: 1/0, child: 2)
Other Hypernyms
  • Not defined　 (anc: 2/0, child: 203)
  • PRIME　 (anc: 1/0, child: 2)
  • 　 (anc: 0/0, child: 0)
  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    agger refers to a single line elevated dam-like structure, e.g. as a defensive installation in warfare.

    vallum refers to a rampart insofar as it encloses an area, e.g. a fortress.

  • 古代文化詞異集類辨考 Gudai wenhua ci yi ji lei bian kao ( HUANG JINGUI 1995) p. 391

  • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 15

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 195

  • 古辭辨 Gu ci bian ( WANG FENGYANG 1993) p. 57

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 174

    • Words (12 items)

    防  fáng OC: baŋ MC: bi̯ɐŋ 8 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • ndike
    • nfigurativedike > protection
    隄防  dī fáng OC: k-lee baŋ MC: tei bi̯ɐŋ 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluralthe dikes
    防  fáng OC: baŋ MC: bi̯ɐŋ 5 Attributions

    Fáng 防 refers to protective dikes of varying size; it is mentioned already in SHI.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 城/CITY WALL Chéng 城 refers to the inner city wall. It was originally built of rammed earth, but during the Han there were also walls built of bricks or stones.

      Syntactic words
    • nHF 1.3.12: (gigantic, presumably defensive) dike
    堤  dī OC: k-lee MC: tei 5 Attributions

    The general word for a dike preventing the passage of water is tí 堤/隄. Huge water works started in the Warring States period.

    • 古代文化词义集类辨考 ( HUANG 1995) p. 391 - 393

      Syntactic words
    • ndike
    陂  bēi OC: pral MC: piɛ 3 Attributions

    Bēi 陂 refers specifically to a dam surrounding a rain water reservoir. [Mentioned already in SHIJING]

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 池/POND The most common word for an artificial lake of any kind is chí 池, and this word typically refers to a meandering lake, sometimes close in shape to a moat, particularly round elevated terraces and the like, around gardens and orchards, but also as part of palaces.

    • [100 page synonym dictionary which I have in Oslo and shall identify.CH] ( XIANG 1997) p. 16

      Syntactic words
    • ndike; dam
    隄  dī OC: k-lee MC: tei 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • ndike
    塘  táng OC: ɡ-laaŋ MC: dɑŋ 1 Attribution

    Táng 塘 refers to a very large dam constraining the water in a large river or lake. See also POOL. It was also built to protect against sea water.

    • 古代文化词义集类辨考 ( HUANG 1995) p. 394 - 395

      Syntactic words
    • ndam or dike around an artificial basin or alongside a river; embankment
    梁匽  liáng yǎn MC: ljang 'jonX OC: k-raŋ qanʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NP(= liángyan4 梁堰) dikes (generally)LZ
    埒  liè OC: rod MC: liɛt 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • ndyke (HUAINAN)
    埵  duǒ OC: toolʔ MC: tʷɑ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • ndike; banked-up earth (HUAINAN)
    堰  yàn OC: qans MC: ʔi̯ɐn 0 Attributions

    Yàn 堰 refers to a low dam.The oldest evidence of the word dates from the Eastern Han period.

      Syntactic words
    壩  bà OC: praaɡs MC: pɣɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • npost-Han, SONG: dam or dike