SOIL    土壤土

SUBSTANCE ON the EARTH in which PLANTS GROW.
EARTHLOAMDIRTCLAYGUMBOGROUND
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for soil of any kind, including dirt, is tǔ 土. 2. Rǎng 壤 refers to the kind of fertile soil that is useful for agriculture. 3. Xī 隰 refers to low-lying wet ground 4. Chì 斥 and lǔ 鹵 refers to saline ground. 5. Qì 磧 refers to sandy ground. 6. Kuài 塊 refers to a clod of earth. 7. Yū 淤 refers to sludge in a river or in the sea. See MUD
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 GEOGRAPHY 18. 土，泥土、土壤，總稱。 塊，成塊的土。 壤，鬆軟肥沃的土。 埴，細膩的黃黏土。 壚，黑色或黃黑色堅硬而質粗不粘的土。 堊，白色的土。 赭，紅色的土。
Modern Chinese Criteria
土 土壤 壤 泥土 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • MUD　INTENSELY MOIST SOIL. (anc: 6/0, child: 1)
  • DUST　INTENSELY DRY SOIL in INTENSELY SMALL PIECES which CAN BE BLOWN at AND MOVED by WIND. (anc: 6/0, child: 0)
  • FURROW　ROW of SOIL MOVED by a PLOUGH. (anc: 6/0, child: 0)
  • SAND　FINE SOIL on SEA SHORES. [] (anc: 6/0, child: 0)
See also
  • EARTHINTENSELY LARGE THING on the SURFACE of which HUMANS AND ANIMALS LIVE.
  • TERRITORYPLACE INSIDE DEFINED BOUNDARIES.
Hypernym
  • SUBSTANCE　THING NOT SEPARATED into SEPARATE PARTS. (anc: 4/0, child: 28)
  • THING　CONCRETE OBJECT. (anc: 3/0, child: 10)
  • OBJECT　[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to. (anc: 2/0, child: 6)
  • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 27

  • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 58

  • 古辭辨 Gu ci bian ( WANG FENGYANG 1993) p. 64

    • Words (23 items)

    土  tǔ OC: kh-laaʔ MC: thuo̝ 11 Attributions

    The current general word for soil of any kind, including dirt, is tǔ 土.

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 壤/SOIL Rǎng 壤 refers to the kind of fertile soil that is useful for agriculture.
    • Assoc: 糞/MANURE The standard term for manure as fertiliser is fèn 糞, hence also the current derived meaning "fertilise" of the word.

      Syntactic words
    • nmthe substance earth;
    • nmadNearthen; made of stamped earth
    • vichangeturn into soil
    壤  rǎng OC: njaŋʔ MC: ȵi̯ɐŋ 4 Attributions

    Rǎng 壤 refers to the kind of fertile soil that is useful for agriculture.

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 土/SOIL The current general word for soil of any kind, including dirt, is tǔ 土.

      Syntactic words
    • nmgenerically: earth; loose earth, soil broken by the plough;
    塊  kuài OC: khuuls MC: khuo̝i 3 Attributions

    Kuài 塊 refers to a clod of earth.

      Syntactic words
    • nmclod of earth
    涅  niè OC: m-liiɡ MC: net 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nmXUN 1: black earth
    磐  pán OC: baan MC: bʷɑn 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nmrocky soil
    赭  zhě OC:  MC: tɕɣɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nmred earth
    壏  xiàn OC: ɡraamʔ MC: ɦɣam 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nmkind of soil (GUAN)
    沃  wò MC: 'owk OC: qowɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nm(kind of) soilCH
    沙  shā OC: sraal MC: ʂɣɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nmsand, grains of sand
    濘  nìng OC: neeŋs MC: neŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nadNmuddy
    • nmmud
    埃土  āi tǔ OC: qɯɯ kh-laaʔ MC: ʔəi thuo̝ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPmnonreferentialsoil
    隰  xí OC: sɢlɯb MC: zip 0 Attributions

    Xí 隰 refers to low-lying wet ground

      Syntactic words
    • nmlow-lying wet land, wet soil
    壤地  rǎng dì OC: njaŋʔ lils MC: ȵi̯ɐŋ di 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPmland under cultivation; arable land
    鹵  lǔ OC: ɡ-raaʔ MC: luo̝ 0 Attributions

    Chì 斥 and lǔ 鹵 refers to saline ground.

      Syntactic words
    • nmsaline earth; soil that is infertile because there is too much salt in it
    堊  è OC: qaaɡ MC: ʔɑk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nmwhitish-grey earth, mud for plastering
    墣  pǔ OC: phooɡ MC: phuk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nclod of earth (GUOYU)
    壚  lú OC: ɡ-raa MC: luo̝ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nmblack and firm earth
    斥  chì OC: khljaɡ MC: tɕhiɛk 0 Attributions

    Chì 斥 and lǔ 鹵 refers to saline ground.

      Syntactic words
    • nmsaline earth (SHU)
    淤  yū OC: qa MC: ʔi̯ɤ 0 Attributions

    Yū 淤 refers to sludge in a river or in the sea. See MUD

      Syntactic words
    • nmsoil
    潟  xì OC: sqaɡ MC: siɛk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nmZHOULI saline soil
    瀉  xiè OC:  MC: sɣɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nmsaline soil
    畸  jī OC: kral MC: kiɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nmirregular field
    磧  qì OC: skhleɡ MC: tshiɛk 0 Attributions

    Qì 磧 refers to sandy ground.

      Syntactic words
    • nmstony soil, gravel