SOIL  土壤土

SUBSTANCE ON the EARTH in which PLANTS GROW.
EARTHLOAMDIRTCLAYGUMBOGROUND
Hypernym
  • SUBSTANCETHING NOT SEPARATED into SEPARATE PARTS.
    • THINGCONCRETE OBJECT.
      • OBJECT[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to.
See also
  • EARTHINTENSELY LARGE THING on the SURFACE of which HUMANS AND ANIMALS LIVE.
    • TERRITORYPLACE INSIDE DEFINED BOUNDARIES.
      Hyponym
      • MUD　INTENSELY MOIST SOIL.
        • CLAY　MUD USED by POTTERS in PRODUCING VESSELS.
      • DUST　INTENSELY DRY SOIL in INTENSELY SMALL PIECES which CAN BE BLOWN at AND MOVED by WIND.
        • FURROW　ROW of SOIL MOVED by a PLOUGH.
          • SAND　FINE SOIL on SEA SHORES. []
            Old Chinese Criteria
            1. The current general word for soil of any kind, including dirt, is tǔ 土.

            2. Rǎng 壤 refers to the kind of fertile soil that is useful for agriculture.

            3. Xī 隰 refers to low-lying wet ground

            4. Chì 斥 and lǔ 鹵 refers to saline ground.

            5. Qì 磧 refers to sandy ground.

            6. Kuài 塊 refers to a clod of earth.

            7. Yū 淤 refers to sludge in a river or in the sea. See MUD

            黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
            HUANG JINGUI 2006

            GEOGRAPHY 18.

            土，泥土、土壤，總稱。

            塊，成塊的土。

            壤，鬆軟肥沃的土。

            埴，細膩的黃黏土。

            壚，黑色或黃黑色堅硬而質粗不粘的土。

            堊，白色的土。

            赭，紅色的土。

            Modern Chinese Criteria
            土

            土壤

            壤

            泥土

            rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

            Words

            土  tǔ OC: kh-laaʔ MC: thuo̝ 11 AttributionsWD

            The current general word for soil of any kind, including dirt, is tǔ 土.

              Word relations
            • Contrast: 壤/SOIL Rǎng 壤 refers to the kind of fertile soil that is useful for agriculture.
            • Assoc: 糞/MANURE The standard term for manure as fertiliser is fèn 糞, hence also the current derived meaning "fertilise" of the word.

              Syntactic words
            • nmthe substance earth;
            • nmadNearthen; made of stamped earth
            • vichangeturn into soil
            壤  rǎng OC: njaŋʔ MC: ȵi̯ɐŋ 4 AttributionsWD

            Rǎng 壤 refers to the kind of fertile soil that is useful for agriculture.

              Word relations
            • Contrast: 土/SOIL The current general word for soil of any kind, including dirt, is tǔ 土.

              Syntactic words
            • nmgenerically: earth; loose earth, soil broken by the plough;
            塊  kuài OC: khuuls MC: khuo̝i 3 AttributionsWD

            Kuài 塊 refers to a clod of earth.

              Syntactic words
            • nmclod of earth
            涅  niè OC: m-liiɡ MC: net 2 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • nmXUN 1: black earth
            磐  pán OC: baan MC: bʷɑn 2 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • nmrocky soil
            壏  xiàn OC: ɡraamʔ MC: ɦɣam 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • nmkind of soil (GUAN)
            沙  shā OC: sraal MC: ʂɣɛ 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • nmsand, grains of sand
            濘  nìng OC: neeŋs MC: neŋ 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • nadNmuddy
            • nmmud
            赭  zhě OC:  MC: tɕɣɛ 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • nmred earth
            埃土  āi tǔ OC: qɯɯ kh-laaʔ MC: ʔəi thuo̝ 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • NPmnonreferentialsoil
            沃  wò MC: 'owk OC: qowɡCH 1 AttributionWD
              Syntactic words
            • nm(kind of) soilCH
            堊  è OC: qaaɡ MC: ʔɑk 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • nmwhitish-grey earth, mud for plastering
            墣  pǔ OC: phooɡ MC: phuk 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • nclod of earth (GUOYU)
            壚  lú OC: ɡ-raa MC: luo̝ 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • nmblack and firm earth
            斥  chì OC: khljaɡ MC: tɕhiɛk 0 AttributionsWD

            Chì 斥 and lǔ 鹵 refers to saline ground.

              Syntactic words
            • nmsaline earth (SHU)
            淤  yū OC: qa MC: ʔi̯ɤ 0 AttributionsWD

            Yū 淤 refers to sludge in a river or in the sea. See MUD

              Syntactic words
            • nmsoil
            潟  xì OC: sqaɡ MC: siɛk 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • nmZHOULI saline soil
            瀉  xiè OC:  MC: sɣɛ 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • nmsaline soil
            畸  jī OC: kral MC: kiɛ 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • nmirregular field
            磧  qì OC: skhleɡ MC: tshiɛk 0 AttributionsWD

            Qì 磧 refers to sandy ground.

              Syntactic words
            • nmstony soil, gravel
            隰  xí OC: sɢlɯb MC: zip 0 AttributionsWD

            Xí 隰 refers to low-lying wet ground

              Syntactic words
            • nmlow-lying wet land, wet soil
            鹵  lǔ OC: ɡ-raaʔ MC: luo̝ 0 AttributionsWD

            Chì 斥 and lǔ 鹵 refers to saline ground.

              Syntactic words
            • nmsaline earth; soil that is infertile because there is too much salt in it
            壤地  rǎng dì OC: njaŋʔ lils MC: ȵi̯ɐŋ di 0 AttributionsWD
              Syntactic words
            • NPmland under cultivation; arable land

            Existing SW for

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