STRING INSTRUMENTS  弦樂器琴

MUSICAL INSTRUMENT which has STRINGS.
Hypernym
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The most current musical instrument in ancient China is the qín 琴﹣ lute which generally had seven strings. This instrument is played with both hands. With one's left hand one holds down the strings while one plucks with one's right hand.

2. Sè 瑟 refers to a larger instrument than the qín 琴, and the number of strings was standardly 25. The strings were longer and gave a deeper and more sentimental sound. This instrument is also played with both hands, but here both hands are plucking and are able to produce more polyphonic effects.

3. Zhēng 箏 refers to an instrument very much like a sè 瑟 native to the state of Qín but spread all over China, but the instrument typically has 13 strings. It is played in basically the same way as the sè 瑟, but gives a crisper sound. See illustrations.

4. Zhú 筑 refers to a 13 string instrument which is not plucked but struck with a small bamboo object called zhú chǐ 竹尺.

5. Kǒng hóu 箜篌 is a small harp with 25 strings first mentioned in Shǐjì.

Modern Chinese Criteria
琴

絲桐

古琴

七弦琴

柳琴

金剛腿

三弦

弦子

二胡

南胡

琵琶

紫檀槽

揚琴

洋琴

打琴

蝴蝶琴

扇面琴

小提琴

梵啞鈴

二胡

四胡

板胡

高胡

小提琴

中提琴

大提琴

倍大提琴

低音提琴

rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

  • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 2000) p. 801

    se, Saiteninstrumente:

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 4.1938

  • 漢代無知文化資料圖說 ( SUN JI) p. 385

  • 古辭辨 Gu ci bian ( WANG FENGYANG 1993) p. 315

  • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.317

Words

琴  qín OC: ɡrɯm MC: gim 17 AttributionsWD

The most current musical instrument in ancient China is the qín 琴﹣lute which generally had seven strings. This instrument is played with both hands. With one's left hand one holds down the strings while one plucks with one's right hand.

    Word relations
  • Ant: 瑟/STRING INSTRUMENTS Sè 瑟 refers to a larger instrument than the qín 琴, and the number of strings was standardly 25. The strings were longer and gave a deeper and more sentimental sound. This instrument is also played with both hands, but here both hands are plucking and are able to produce more polyphonic effects.
  • Object: 援/TAKE
  • Object: 撫/PLUCK STRINGS
  • Assoc: 瑟/STRING INSTRUMENTS Sè 瑟 refers to a larger instrument than the qín 琴, and the number of strings was standardly 25. The strings were longer and gave a deeper and more sentimental sound. This instrument is also played with both hands, but here both hands are plucking and are able to produce more polyphonic effects.

    Syntactic words
  • nlute
  • viactplay the lute
瑟  sè OC: sbriɡ MC: ʂɪt 11 AttributionsWD

Sè 瑟 refers to a larger instrument than the qín 琴, and the number of strings was standardly 25. The strings were longer and gave a deeper and more sentimental sound. This instrument is also played with both hands, but here both hands are plucking and are able to produce more polyphonic effects.

    Word relations
  • Ant: 琴/STRING INSTRUMENTS The most current musical instrument in ancient China is the qín 琴﹣lute which generally had seven strings. This instrument is played with both hands. With one's left hand one holds down the strings while one plucks with one's right hand.
  • Assoc: 琴/STRING INSTRUMENTS The most current musical instrument in ancient China is the qín 琴﹣lute which generally had seven strings. This instrument is played with both hands. With one's left hand one holds down the strings while one plucks with one's right hand.

    Syntactic words
  • nzither with a large number of strings, typically 25.
筑  zhú OC: tuɡ MC: ʈuk 2 AttributionsWD

Zhú 筑 refers to a 13 string instrument which is not plucked but struck with a small bamboo object called zhú chǐ 竹尺.

    Syntactic words
  • nthirteen-stringed lute with large head, played with a bamboo plastron
柱  zhù OC: doʔ MC: ɖi̯o 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • npeg of string instruments
軫  zhěn OC: kljɯnʔ MC: tɕin 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • npeg (of a lute etc)
五弦  wǔ xián OC: ŋaaʔ ɡeen MC: ŋuo̝ ɦen 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • NPthe five-stringed lute
琵琶  pí pá OC: bi braa MC: bi bɣɛ 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • npost-Han, SANGUO: guitar-like instrument with four strings and 13
鳴琴  míng qín OC: mreŋ ɡrɯm MC: mɣaŋ gim 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • NPresonant lute; fine (??) lute
絃  xián MC: hen OC: ɡeenCH 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • nmstring instrumentsCH
箏  zhēng OC: skreeŋ MC: ʈʂɣɛŋ 0 AttributionsWD

Zhēng 箏refers to an instrument very much like a sè 瑟 native to the state of Qín but spread all over China, but the instrument typically has 13 strings. It is played in basically the same way as the sè 瑟, but gives a crisper sound. See illustrations.

    Syntactic words
  • nWestern zither, with thirteen strings
鰴  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 0 AttributionsWD

huī

    Syntactic words
  • nsmall thin piece of wood cross-wise under the strings indicating proper positions of the hand for intonation (as on a modern guitar)
箜篌  kōng hóu OC: khooŋ ɡoo MC: khuŋ ɦu 0 AttributionsWD

Kǒng hóu 箜篌 is a small harp with 25 strings first mentioned in Shǐjì.

    Syntactic words
  • na small harp with 25 strings first mentioned in Shǐjì, of non-Chinese central Asian origin
阮咸  ruǎn xián OC: ŋɡonʔ ɡroom MC: ŋi̯ɐn ɦɣɛm 0 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • nfour-stringed guitar-like instrument, Han predecessor of the later yuè qín 月琴 "moon lute"
  Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • nmstring instrumentsCH

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