ALSO  也亦

ADDING SOMETHING to what has ALREADY been SAID OR been REFERRED TO. 
MOREOVERTOOAS WELLBESIDESIN ADDITIONADDITIONALLYFURTHERMOREFURTHERMOREOVER
Antonym
  • NOTBE CONTRARY to what is SAID in the WORDS that FOLLOW.
    Hypernym
    • ADDPUT MORE INTEND:so as to CAUSE a QUANTITY of SOMETHING to INCREASE. 
      • PUTDISPLACE IN ORDER TO CAUSE TO BE-IN a PLACE.
    See also
    • ANDALL of TWO THINGS OR ACTIONS OR FEATURES.
      • WITHAND TOGETHER [GRAMMAR]
        • TOGETHERALL of a set IN the SAME PLACE OR TIME.
            Hyponym
            • EVEN　SURPRISINGLY, EVEN-IF one would NOT have GUESSED, ALSO.
              Old Chinese Criteria
              [OBJECT-SCOPE/PREDICATE-SCOPE/SUBJECT-SCOPE]

              [ADDITIVE/ADVERSATIVE]

              1. Yòu 又 which focusses on the predicate "(THE SUBJECT) moreover also (PREDICATES)".

              [PREDICATE-SCOPE]

              2. Yì 亦 which focusses on the subject "also (THE SUBJECT) likewise (PREDICATES)".

              [SUBJECT-SCOPE]

              3. Qiě 且 focusses on the whole sentence or the whole predicate and indicates that "also (SENTENCE2) (IN ADDITION TO SENTENCE 1) is/was true" or that "also VERB PHRASE 2 IN ADDITON TO VERB PHRASE 1 applies".

              [SENTENCE-SCOPE]

              4. Yóu 猶／由 "still, also" typically has an adversative nuance.

              [ADVERSATIVE]

              Modern Chinese Criteria
              也

              亦

              又

              跟

              同

              與

              和

              不但

              不僅

              不只

              不單

              不光

              first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH.

              Old Chinese Contrasts
              1. Yòu 又 has the predicate as its scope and claims that the predicate applies in addition to other predicates; yì 亦 has the subject as its scope and claims that the subject, in addition to other subjects is characterised correctly by the predicate; qiě 且 has the whole sentence as its scope and claims that this sentence expresses something that holds true in addition to other things.

              2. Yòu 又 is typically additive in nuance "in addition, also" and very rarely contrastive; yì 亦 is regularly contrastive "nonetheless also; nonetheless also, in spite of the difference", but this contrastive effect is sometimes neutralised to produce the effect of a pure "also the subject". Qiě 且 is emphatically pure in its additive nuance and always means "in addition, also", never anything like "in addition nonetheless it is also true...".

              3. Qiě 且 has a modal function and regularly introduces non-narrative new considerations, whereas yòu 又 is rarely used in theoretical contexts to means something like "the something is moreover also characterised in general by the predicate". Yì 亦 is common both in narrative ( 亦云 "they concurred") and in non-narrative ( 亦然 "be also like that") contexts.

              • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.461.418

                ENCORE.AUSSI

              Words

              亦  yì OC: k-laɡ MC: jiɛk 134 AttributionsWD

              Yì 亦 which focusses on the subject "also (THE SUBJECT) likewise (PREDICATES)". [SUBJECT-SCOPE]

                Word relations
              • Synon: 又/ALSO Yòu 又 which focusses on the predicate "(THE SUBJECT) moreover also (PREDICATES)". [PREDICATE-SCOPE]
              • Synon: 又復/ALSO

                Syntactic words
              • padN{PRED}also
              • padS1.post-S2likewise, also, as under the circumstances specified in S2LZ
              • padS1.post-S2:postS3if S2, S1 likewise holds , as in S3CH
              • padS1.postS2Moreover S1 (in addition to S2)
              • padV.(postN{SUBJ}:)post-Salso (with omitted subject)
              • padV.post-Sas under the circumstances specified in S
              • padV.post-Srepeatedboth... and 亦...亦
              • padV.postN{SUBJ}:postSscope: subjectthe subject likewise; also the subject
              • padV0.post-Salso (modifying a subjectless verbal expression)
              • padVpredicatelikewise; also; as well (referring to predicate, often with repetition of the verb)
              • padVquestionAnd N 亦如何 "and how is N"
              • padVsubjectlikewise, also (sometimes with omitted antecedent, as in 盜亦有道乎？)
              又  yòu OC: ɢʷɯs MC: ɦɨu 47 AttributionsWD

              Yòu 又 which focusses on the predicate "(THE SUBJECT) moreover also (PREDICATES)". [PREDICATE-SCOPE]

                Word relations
              • Assoc: 復/ALSO
              • Synon: 亦/ALSO Yì 亦 which focusses on the subject "also (THE SUBJECT) likewise (PREDICATES)". [SUBJECT-SCOPE]

                Syntactic words
              • pad.VtoNobjectalso the object N
              • padS1.postS2contrastivebut also; but there againCH
              • padV.post-Sref=predicatealso the predicate 
              • padV.postN{SUBJ}:post-Ssentence connective: moreover, in addition; in addition even
              • padV.postN{SUBJ}:post-Sreference=subjectalso the subjectLZ
              且  qiě OC:  MC: tshɣɛ 25 AttributionsWD

              Qiě 且 focusses on the whole sentence or the whole predicate and indicates that "also (SENTENCE2) (IN ADDITION TO SENTENCE 1) is/was true" or that "also VERB PHRASE 2 IN ADDITON TO VERB PHRASE 1 applies". [SENTENCE-SCOPE]

                Syntactic words
              • padS1.postS2moreover, and also; and, by the way; in any case
              • padV1.postV2moreover, and (between verbs) 且。。。且
              亦復  yì fù OC: k-laɡ buɡs MC: jiɛk bɨu 24 AttributionsWD
              • 《祖堂集》虛詞研究 Zǔtáng jí xūcí yánjiū A Study of Function Words in Zǔtáng jí ( SONG YINSHENG 1996) p. 163-164

                This disyllabic adverb originated during the Han and became more commoly used during the Six Dynasties period. The adverb appears especially frequent in Buddhist translations (e.g. MIDDLE AGAMA, NIRVANA). In ZTJ the usage is quite restricted and the adverb only appears before V of the semantic group RESEMBLE ('be like this', 'be the case', etc., 然，如是，如然). In the compound 复 is often described as some kind of 'structure word' (suffix).

                Syntactic words
              • PPadV.postN{SUBJ}:postSalso the subject, also under the new circumstances
              • PPadV.postSalso the predicatealso the predicate
              復  fù OC: buɡs MC: bɨu 10 AttributionsWD

                Word relations
              • Assoc: 又/ALSO Yòu 又 which focusses on the predicate "(THE SUBJECT) moreover also (PREDICATES)". [PREDICATE-SCOPE]

                Syntactic words
              • padS.postN{TOP}moreover
              • vadValso, in addition; and 
              又復  yòu fù OC: ɢʷɯs buɡs MC: ɦɨu bɨu 9 AttributionsWD

                Word relations
              • Synon: 亦/ALSO Yì 亦 which focusses on the subject "also (THE SUBJECT) likewise (PREDICATES)". [SUBJECT-SCOPE]

                Syntactic words
              • PPadS1.postS2in addition
              • PPadVin addition, also
              與  yǔ OC: k-laʔ MC: ji̯ɤ 5 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • vt(+N.)adValongside, alike, also
              • vt+prep+Nbe also in/among the NBH
              且也  qiě yě OC: lalʔ MC: tshɣɛ jɣɛ 5 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • PPadS1.postS2Furthermore; Moreover (by the way, as an additional thought)
              也  yě OC: lalʔ MC: jɣɛ 4 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • padV.postN{SUBJ}emphaticalso in this case> even N (the N often being a preposed topic)
              兼  jiān OC: kleem MC: kem 2 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • vadV.postSmoreover; concurrently
              猶  yóu OC: k-lu MC: jɨu 2 AttributionsWD

              Yóu 猶／由 "still, also" typically has an adversative nuance. [ADVERSATIVE]

                Syntactic words
              • vadVlogicstill, along the same lines
              又時  yòu shí OC: ɢʷɯs ɡljɯ MC: ɦɨu dʑɨ 2 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPadV.postN:postSsentence connective: another time, at another occasion
              而且  ér jū MC: nyi tsjo OC: njɯ skaLZ 2 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • PPadS1.postS2and moreoverLZ
              反  fǎn OC: panʔ MC: pi̯ɐn 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • vadVlikewise, in return
              既  jì OC: kɯds MC: kɨi 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • padS1.+S2one the one hand (... and on the other hand)
              亦且  yì qiě MC: yek tsjo OC: k-laɡ --LZ 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • PPadVand moreverLZ
              還  hái MC: -- OC: --CH 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • padVpost-Buddhist!!!: in addition, at the same time also 待考CH

              Existing SW for

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