PRODUCE  製造為

ACT so as to DELIBERATELY CAUSE something to BEGIN to EXIST.
MANUFACTUREMAKECONSTRUCTBUILDFABRICATEPUT TOGETHERASSEMBLETURN OUTCREATEMASS-PRODUCEINFORMAL CHURN OUT
Hypernym
  • ACTMOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision.
    • MOVECHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION.
      • CHANGEEVENT involving two MOMENTS t1 and t2, such that a THING at the MOMENT t1 is DIFFERENT FROM that THING at the MOMENT t2.
        • EVENTREALITY that ARISES in TIME....
Hyponym
  • BUILD　PRODUCE as a BUILDING.
    • FORTIFY　BUILD CITY WALLS FOR DEFENDING a PLACE.
  • COMPLETE　ACT out OR PRODUCE something so as to CAUSE it to BECOME WHOLE.
    • ACHIEVE　COMPLETE a DIFFICULT ACT....
  • COOK　PRODUCE FOOD FOR IMMEDIATE EATING.
    • BOIL　COOK so as to ENDURINGLY PUT in BOILING WATER.
    • ROAST　COOK OVER FIRE OR IN PAN WITHOUT FAT.
    • FRY　COOK IN an INTENSELY HOT PAN CONTAINING OIL.
    • GRILL　COOK or prepare food by exposure to fire without pot.
    • STEAM FOOD　COOK, USING INTENSELY HOT AIR CONTAINING WATER.
    • BAKE　COOK TYPICALLY BREAD OR CAKES by PUTTING in a HOT STOVE for a certain TIME.
    • SMOKE FOOD　COOK by PUTTING IN INTENSELY HOT SMOKE.
  • CREATE　PRODUCE something BELIEVING that it has NEVER BEEN PRODUCED BEFORE.
    • FAKE　CREATE SOMETHING WHICH PRETENDS TO BE WHAT IT IS NOT.
    • INVENT　CREATE as the FIRST PERSON to INVENT.
  • PROVIDE　PRODUCE, OR CAUSE it TO BE POSSIBLE TO USE, something USEFUL OR to MOVE something USEFUL to a certain PLACE WHERE it is NEEDED.
    • WEAVE　PRODUCE CLOTH USING THREADS.
      • WRITE　PRODUCE a DOCUMENT.
        • ADDRESS　SPEAK OR WRITE INTENDING ANOTHER TO HEAR OR READ AND TO REACT to IT. ...
        • RECORD　WRITE so as to TRANSMIT TO FUTURE GENERATIONS.
        • COMPILE　WRITE, USING AND COMBINING OTHER MATERIAL.
        • PUNCTUATION　WRITE SYMBOLS which DIVIDE SENTENCES.
      • SEW　PRODUCE GARMENTS ETC, USING NEEDLE AND THREAD AND CLOTH.
        • SILK PRODUCTION　PRODUCING SILK.
          • BEGET　PRODUCE OFFSPRING AS a MALE.
            • FORGE　PRODUCE IRON TOOLS.
              • DEPICT　PRODUCE a PICTURE of something.[CHANGE THE LABEL? "PAINT" IS ALREADY TAKEN!]
                • PRINT　PRODUCE INTENSELY MANY of the SAME DOCUMENT, NOT COPYING these.
                  • SPIN　PRODUCE THREAD.
                    • FROWN　PRODUCE WRINKLES ON one's FOREHEAD AS A REACTION TO SOMETHING ONE has become AWARE of.
                      • BREW　
                        • PRONOUNCE　PRODUCE SPEECH SOUND.
                          Old Chinese Criteria
                          1. The most common word for producing something is wéi 為.

                          2. Chéng 成 focusses on the completion of the process and its success.

                          3. Zhì 治 focusses on the orderliness of the result.

                          4. Chǎn 產 focusses on the act of production as typically informed by professionalism.

                          5. Zào 造 refers to the production of something like a carriage through craftsmanship.

                          6. Zhì 制 refers primarily to the production of clothes, but the word later came to refer to all manner of production of artifacts.

                          Modern Chinese Criteria
                          製造

                          製作

                          造作

                          打造

                          生產

                          出產

                          創作

                          發生

                          產生

                          發出

                          生出

                          生

                          起

                          鬧

                          出

                          發

                          製

                          造

                          做

                          打

                          rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

                          • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 9.11

                          • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 9.72

                          • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 73

                          • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 7.1418

                          • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 1225

                            制，製

                            1. Zhi4 制 originally meant "produce", and this use of the word came to be written zhi4 製.

                          • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 366

                          • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 57B

                          Words

                          為  wéi OC: ɢʷal MC: ɦiɛ 82 AttributionsWD

                          The most common word for producing something is wéi 為.

                            Syntactic words
                          • vt1oN1:post-.vt2oN2{OBJECT}produce N1 using N2; make N1 of N2DS
                          • vtoNmake/produce/reproduce (physically), construct, build (a platform, a house)
                          • vtoNconstitute, produce something by transforming something to itLZ
                          • vtoNproduce an image ofCH
                          • vtoNfigurativeproduce (problems etc)
                          • vtoNiussivehave produced for one (ear-rings to give to the ruler)
                          • vtoNmathematical termCHEMLA 2003:
                          • vtoNobject=abstractproduce (a theory, a thesis, a text)CH
                          • vttoN1.+N2produce (something N2) (for someone N1)
                          • vttoN1.+N2conativetry to produce something (N2) for someone (N1)
                          • vttoN1.+N2reflexive.自make an N2 for (oneself)
                          • vttoNpro.+Nproduce (or create) an N for Npro, make an N for NproCH
                          生  shēng OC: sraaŋ MC: ʂɣaŋ 45 AttributionsWD

                            Word relations
                          • Synon: 造/PRODUCE Zào 造 refers to the production of something like a carriage through craftsmanship.

                            Syntactic words
                          • nabactengendering things, originating things
                          • nabkindstypes of production, kinds of engenderingLZ
                          • vt(oN)produce a contextually determinate thing
                          • vt+prep+Nfigurativeproduce
                          • vtoNcausativecause to grow, grow (grain); produce; give rise to; be the origin of, originate
                          • vtoNfigurativeBUDDH: produce (psychological reactions)
                          成  chéng OC: djeŋ MC: dʑiɛŋ 32 AttributionsWD

                          Chéng 成 focusses on the completion of the process and its success.

                            Syntactic words
                          • vt0oN.postadVtverbal complementverbal complement indicating the result of an action/process 化成 transform into, 按成
                          • vtoNto produce, to makeLZ
                          • vtoNfigurativefinish the making of> make, produce, bring about
                          • vtoNfigurativeform (factions etc)
                          • vtoNfigurativecreate, form (cliques etc), successfully organiseCH
                          作  zuò OC: tsaaɡs MC: tsuo̝
                          作  zuò OC: tsaals MC: tsɑ
                          作  zuò OC: tsaaɡ MC: tsɑk
                          乍  zuò MC: -- OC: -- 31 AttributionsWD

                            Word relations
                          • Contrast: 造/PRODUCE Zào 造 refers to the production of something like a carriage through craftsmanship.

                            Syntactic words
                          • vt(oN)produce the contextually determinate N
                          • vtoNproduce (coal etc); write (text);　produce (sound etc)
                          • vtoNfigurativegenerate (a thought or plan etc)
                          • vttoN1(.+N2)make N1 out of the contextually determinate N2
                          造  zào OC: sɡuuʔ MC: dzɑu 21 AttributionsWD

                          Zào 造 refers to the production of something like a carriage through craftsmanship.

                            Syntactic words
                          • nabactproduction 造修之具
                          • nobjectproduct (short for 所造)
                          • vadNproduced, created
                          • vt(oN)produce the contextually determinate N
                          • vtoNproduce (fruit etc)
                          • vtoNfigurativeproduce, create (resentment)
                          • vtoNpassivebe producedLZ
                          產  chǎn OC: sqreenʔ MC: ʂɣɛn 12 AttributionsWD

                          Chǎn 產 focusses on the act of production as typically informed by professionalism.

                            Syntactic words
                          • nabactproduction of goods
                          • nobject(one's own) product; product (of a place)
                          • vt+prep+Npassivebe produced from
                          • vtoNcause to arise; produce
                          出  chū OC: khljud MC: tɕhʷit 7 AttributionsWD
                            Syntactic words
                          • vtoNcausativeCAUSE TO EMERGE> create, produce; undertake as an independent agent (a project of action)
                          生出  shēng chū OC: sraaŋ khljud MC: ʂɣaŋ tɕhʷit 4 AttributionsWD
                            Syntactic words
                          • VPimiddle voiceget produced
                          • VPtoNproduce cf. BY 不生不出
                          制  zhì OC: kjeds MC: tɕiɛi 3 AttributionsWD

                          Zhì 制 refers primarily to the production of clothes, but the word later came to refer to all manner of production of artifacts.

                            Syntactic words
                          • vtoNproduce (primarily clothes, later also artifacts)
                          以為  yǐ wéi MC: yiX hjweH OC: k-lɯʔ ɢʷalCH 3 AttributionsWD
                            Syntactic words
                          • VPtt(oN1.) N2produce an N2 with N1, make an N2 out of an N1CH
                          做  zuò OC: skaas MC: tsuo̝ 2 AttributionsWD
                            Syntactic words
                          • vtpost-.VtoNproduce, make (something) (with a preceding coverbal phrase indicating the benefactor)
                          搆  gòu OC: koos MC: ku 2 AttributionsWD
                            Syntactic words
                          • vtoNmake; ensue (trouble); create
                          發  fā OC: pod MC: pi̯ɐt 2 AttributionsWD
                            Syntactic words
                          • vtoNpsychproduce, develop
                          匠  jiàng OC: sbaŋs MC: dzi̯ɐŋ 1 AttributionWD
                            Syntactic words
                          • vtoNproduce, fashion
                          作成  zuò chéng OC: tsaaɡs djeŋ MC: tsuo̝ dʑiɛŋ
                          作成  zuò chéng OC: tsaals djeŋ MC: tsɑ dʑiɛŋ
                          作成  zuò chéng OC: tsaaɡ djeŋ MC: tsɑk dʑiɛŋ 1 AttributionWD
                            Syntactic words
                          • VPtoNproduce as a complete product, create so as to be a complete thing
                          制匠  zhì jiàng OC: kjeds sbaŋs MC: tɕiɛi dzi̯ɐŋ 1 AttributionWD
                            Syntactic words
                          • vtoNproduce and fashion, create
                          構造  gòu zào OC: koos sɡuuʔ MC: ku dzɑu 1 AttributionWD
                            Syntactic words
                          • VPtoNresultativeproduce
                          興發  xīng fā OC: qhɯŋ pod MC: hɨŋ pi̯ɐt 1 AttributionWD
                            Syntactic words
                          • VPtoNfigurativeproduce (a mental attitude, an effect in the mind)
                          設作  shè zuò OC: qhjed tsaaɡ MC: ɕiɛt tsɑk 1 AttributionWD
                            Syntactic words
                          • VPtoNproduce
                          造成  zào chéng OC: sɡuuʔ djeŋ MC: dzɑu dʑiɛŋ 1 AttributionWD
                            Syntactic words
                          • VPtoNproduce
                          造設  zào shè OC: sɡuuʔ qhjed MC: dzɑu ɕiɛt 1 AttributionWD
                            Syntactic words
                          • VPtoNproduce and prepare
                          炊  chuī MC: tsyhwe OC: khjolCH 1 AttributionWD
                            Syntactic words
                          • vtoNcast (bronze instruments)CH
                          化成  huà chéng OC: hŋʷraals djeŋ MC: hɣɛ dʑiɛŋ 0 AttributionsWD
                            Syntactic words
                          • VPtoNresultativeproduce through transformation, engender through transformation
                          起  qǐ OC: khɯʔ MC: khɨ 0 AttributionsWD
                            Syntactic words
                          • vtoNproduce

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