PREGNANT    懷孕孕

FUTURE:about-to give BIRTH.
WITH CHILD
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word referring to pregnancy among humans or animals alike is yùn 孕. 2. Rèn 妊 refers specifically to pregnancy of humans. 3. Zhòng 重 refers to advanced pregnancy. 4. Shēn 娠 refers to an advanced state of pregnancy where the foetus is already very mobile in the womb.
Modern Chinese Criteria
懷孕 有孕 懷胎 懷妊 有喜 懷喜 有身 妊娠 身重 夢蘭 征蘭 有身孕 有身子 重身 大肚子 身懷六甲 珠胎暗結 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hypernym
  • BIRTH　BEGINNING of LIFE. (anc: 14/0, child: 5)
  • BEGIN　ENDURINGLY STOP NOT to ACT OR to BE RESEMBLING:as in the PAST. (anc: 13/0, child: 4)
  • STOP　ACT so as NOT to CONTINUE NOW:present ACTION. (anc: 12/0, child: 10)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 4.73

  • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 389

    PRAEGNANS, GRAVIDA

    455. Inter Praegnantem et gravidam haec differentia est: praegnantem esse quae concepit; gravidam, quam uteri gravedo proximam partui ostendit.

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    PREGNANT

    gravidus refers to pregnancy in general.

    praegnans refers to high pregnancy close to birth.

    PREGNANT

    praegnans refers to pregnancy quite generally.

    gravidus refers to pregnancy only of human beings.

    foetus refers to pregnancy in animals generally.

    fordus refers to pregnancy of cows.

    inciens refers to pregnancy of small animals, particulalry of swine.

  • 古代文化詞異集類辨考 Gudai wenhua ci yi ji lei bian kao ( HUANG JINGUI 1995) p. 587

  • 古辭辨 Gu ci bian ( WANG FENGYANG 1993) p. 785

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 284

  • Encyclopedia of Comparative Iconography ( ROBERTS 1998) p. 745

    • Words (12 items)

    有身  yǒu shēn OC: ɢʷɯʔ qhjin MC: ɦɨu ɕin 10 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vistativebe pregnant
    • VPichangebecome pregnant
    孕  yùn OC: p-lɯŋs MC: jɨŋ 10 Attributions

    The current general word referring to pregnancy among humans or animals alike is yùn 孕.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNpregnant
    • vibe pregnant
    • vichangebecome pregnant (of humans or animals)
    懷妊  huái rèn OC: ɡruul njɯms MC: ɦɣɛi ȵim 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe pregnant
    • VPichangeget pregnant
    妊娠  rèn shēn MC: nyimH syin OC: njɯms qhljɯn 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe pregnantCH
    • VPiinchoativebecome pregnantCH
    娠  shēn OC: qhljɯn MC: ɕin 2 Attributions

    Shēn 娠 refers to an advanced state of pregnancy where the foetus is already very mobile in the womb.

      Syntactic words
    • vibe at an advanced stage of pregnancy after the foetus has started to move in the womb
    胎  tāi OC: lʰɯɯ MC: thəi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nanimal with a foetus inside; pregnant animal
    重身  chóng shēn MC: drjowng syin OC: doŋ qhjin 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe pregnantDS
    有遺腹  yǒu wèi fù MC: hjuwX ywijH pjuwk OC: ɢʷɯʔ k-luds puɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe pregnant with a child from a deceased personCH
    有娠  yǒu shēn OC: ɢʷɯʔ qhljɯn MC: ɦɨu ɕin 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPichangehave foetues > become pregnant
    妊  rèn OC: njɯms MC: ȵim 1 Attribution

    Rèn 妊 refers specifically to pregnancy of humans.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNpregnant, in the early stages of pregnancy
    • vibe at the early stage of pregnancy; be pregnant
    重  zhòng OC: doŋʔ MC: ɖi̯oŋ 0 Attributions

    Zhòng 重 refers to advanced pregnancy.

      Syntactic words
    • viSHIJING: be pregnant
    懷  huái OC: ɡruul MC: ɦɣɛi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNbecome pregnant with (a child)