PERIOD  時期時／期

TIME CONSISTING of a LIMITED SEQUENCE of MOMENTS.
TIMESPELLINTERVALSTRETCHTERMSPANPHASEBOUTRUNDURATIONCHAPTERSTAGEWHILEPATCHERAAGEEPOCHTIMEDAYSYEARSRhPERIODOS
Hypernym
  • TIMEABSTRACT OBJECT that all EVENTS ARE-IN.
Hyponym
  • AFTERNOON　PERIOD LATE IN-RELATION-TO MID-DAY AND BEFORE EVENING. 
    • AGE　PERIOD a CREATURE has been LIVE:alive in the PAST. 
      • OLD　Of BIG AGE OR having EXISTED for an ENDURING PERIOD.
      • YOUNG　Of SMALL AGE.
      • PUBERTY　AGE when HUMANS BEGIN to DESIRE INTERCOURSE.
    • DAY　PERIOD FROM MORNING TO EVENING OR FROM MIDNIGHT TO MIDNIGHT.
    • EVENING　PERIOD of DAY BEFORE one SLEEPS AND LATER:after one STOPS WORKING.
      • FUTURE　TIME PERIOD LATE IN-RELATION-TO NOW.
        • IMMEDIATELY　AFTER an INTENSELY SHORT PERIOD, LACKING DELAY.
        • SOON　FUTURE that is COMPARATIVELY NEAR.
      • GENERATION　PERIOD EQUAL to that of the LIFE of a HUMAN.
        • MORNING　PERIOD BEFORE AND AFTER SUNRISE, BEFORE MIDDAY.
          • DAWN　EARLY MORNING, END OF NIGHT
        • SEASON　ONE of FOUR PERIODS into which the YEAR is DIVIDED.
          • EARLY　TIME PERIOD SOMETHING has NOT-YET HAPPENED
            • PRECEDE　EARLY IN-RELATION-TO something.
            • BEFORE　EARLY IN-RELATION-TO.
          • MEANWHILE　PERIOD when ANOTHER EVENT is OR was HAPPENING.
            • MONTH　PERIOD of APPROXIMATELY 30 DAYS into which the YEAR is DIVIDED.
              • WEEK　PERIOD of TYPICALLY 7 OR 10 DAYS into which the MONTH is DIVIDED.
                • NIGHT　PART of DAY when it is COMPLETELY DARK AND when one SLEEPS.
                  • WHILE　DURING the PERIOD WHEN S. GRAMMAR[]
                    • UNTIL　WHILE:during a PERIOD ENDING at a DEFINED TIME.
                    • DURING　WHILE SOMETHING PERSISTS
                  • HOUR　PERIODS into which the DAY OR a PART of a DAY is DIVIDED.
                    • MINUTE　MORE SHORT PERIODS into which an HOUR is DIVIDED.
                      • ETERNITY　PERIOD LACKING LIMITS.
                        • HOLIDAY　PERIOD when PUBLIC EMPLOYEES do NOT WORK.
                          • CRISIS　IMPORTANT SITUATION OR PERIOD in which there EXIST MANY DIFFERENT POSSIBILITIES for the DEVELOPMENT of a SOCIETY.
                            • LIFE　PERIOD DURING WHICH ONE LIVES
                              Old Chinese Criteria
                              1. The most current general term for a period of time is shí 時, but the term often retains its connotations of "seasons of the year".

                              2. Qī 期 refers to a designated period of time where something is supposed to happen.

                              Modern Chinese Criteria
                              年代

                              年歲

                              年間

                              年份

                              年世

                              時期

                              時代

                              時日

                              一時

                              一代

                              一世

                              時

                              期

                              rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

                              • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 292

                              • Handbuch der lateinischen und griechischen Synonymik ( SCHMIDT 1889) p. 92

                              • Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the Other Italic Languages ( DE VAAN 2008) p.

                                aevus / aevum 'period of time; past; future' [m. (PI., Lucr., C1L); n. (mostly) o] (P1.+)

                                Derivatives: aetas, -atis 'age' (P1.+) < aevitas (Lex XII, Var.); aeternus 'eternal'

                                (P1.+) < aeviternus (Pac.+).

                              • Ästhetische Grundbegriffe ( BARCK 2010) p. 6.778

                              • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 14

                              Words

                              劫  jié OC: kab MC: ki̯ɐp 15 AttributionsWD

                                Word relations
                              • Epithet: 長/ENDURING Cháng 長 (ant. duǎn 短 "of short duration") expresses bounded enduringness with a definite final point being typically imagined, although in cháng shēng 長生 the word refers to an unending long life.

                                Syntactic words
                              • nabbuddhistBUDDH: a time period lasting from the creation of a universe until its destruction; SANSKRIT kalpa
                              • nadSBUDDH: within the time period of a kalpa
                              世  shì OC: lʰebs MC: ɕiɛi 13 AttributionsWD

                                Word relations
                              • Epithet: 晚/LATE Wǎn 晚 (ant. zǎo 早"early") can refer a point in time much later than presupposed, or a time much later than the previous event.

                                Syntactic words
                              • n[post-N1.]adN2the contemporary age, of one's timeCH
                              • nabtime period (compare sānshì 三世 past, present, future)
                              • npost-Nthe period/time of N
                              • npost-Vperiod, generationVK
                              • npost-V{NUM}NUM generationsDS
                              時  shí OC: ɡljɯ MC: dʑɨ 12 AttributionsWD

                              The most current general term for a period of time is shí 時, but the term often retains its connotations of "seasons of the year".

                                Syntactic words
                              • nperiod of timeCH
                              • nadNof the time
                              • nadSat this time; during this period
                              • nadV.postN{SUBJ}at the time; during this periodCH
                              • npost-Nduring the space of time of N; during the period of the predominance of N
                              • npost-S1.adS2at the period when S1CH
                              期  qī OC: ɡɯ MC: gɨ 9 AttributionsWD

                                Syntactic words
                              • nabtimeSHI 58: agreed time; SHI 66: period of time; predicted period or time; time of an appointment
                              • vt+prep+Nidentify a period of year according to NLZ
                              • vt+prep+NN=timeset the time on the period NDS
                              • vt[oN]middle voicethe time was givenDS
                              阿僧祇劫  ā sēng qí jié OC: qlaal sɯɯŋ ɡe kab MC: ʔɑ səŋ giɛ ki̯ɐp 9 AttributionsWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • NPbuddhistBUDDH: incalculable eons; unimagineably long periods of time; SANSKRIT asaṃkhya kalpa (referring to the period of time it takes for an unenlighened sentient being to gain the enlightenment of a Buddha; see also 三阿僧祗劫 or 阿僧祗 ) See DDB: http://www.buddhism-dict.net/cgi-bin/xpr-ddb.pl?4e.xml+id('b4e09-963f-50e7-7947-52ab')
                              三世  sān shì OC: saam lʰebs MC: sɑm ɕiɛi 6 AttributionsWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • NPab.adNbuddhistBUDDH: of the three periods of time (past, present, future)
                              • NPabtimeBUDDH: the three periods of time: past, present, future
                              夏  xià OC: ɡraaʔ MC: ɦɣɛ 4 AttributionsWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • nabtimeBUDDH: summer training period in a Chán monastery
                              賢劫  xián jié OC: ɡiin kab MC: ɦen ki̯ɐp 4 AttributionsWD
                              • 佛光大辭典 Fóguāng dàcídiǎn The Foguang Dictionary of Buddhism ( FOGUANG) p. 6174c-6175a

                                Syntactic words
                              • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: this refers to the present kalpa which is supposed to produce 1,000 Buddhas, Śāakuamuni being the fourth of them; skr. bhadra-kalpa
                              小劫  xiǎo jié OC: smewʔ kab MC: siɛu ki̯ɐp 2 AttributionsWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: a small kalpa (80 small kalpa form a great kalpa, see 大劫)
                              三祇劫  sān qí jié OC: saam ɡe kab MC: sɑm giɛ ki̯ɐp 2 AttributionsWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: three incalculable eons; three unimagineably long periods of time (referring to the period of time it takes for an unenlighened sentient being to gain the enlightenment of a Buddha; usually written 三阿僧祗劫 or 阿僧祗 ) SANSKRIT tri-kalpasaṃkheyeyaSee DDB: http://www.buddhism-dict.net/cgi-bin/xpr-ddb.pl?4e.xml+id('b4e09-963f-50e7-7947-52ab')
                              日  rì OC: mljiɡ MC: ȵit 1 AttributionWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • ntime of day 日暮 "the time of day is evening"
                              • nOBIOBI: time of day 食日／時 "meal-time"
                              旬  xún OC: sɢʷlin MC: zʷin 1 AttributionWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • nadNten (days)
                              • nadVnextfor the (upcoming) week
                              • nnextOBI: the ensuing ten-day-week, the next ten days
                              更  gēng OC: kraaŋ MC: kɣaŋ 1 AttributionWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • nabwatch of the night (divided into five two-hour periods, wǔgēng 五更, the first starting at 7 p.m.)
                              三劫  sān jié OC: saam kab MC: sɑm ki̯ɐp 1 AttributionWD
                              • 佛光大辭典 Fóguāng dàcídiǎn The Foguang Dictionary of Buddhism ( FOGUANG) p. 553b

                                Syntactic words
                              • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: the three kalpas, referring to the past kalpa (莊嚴劫), the present kalpa (賢劫), and the future kalpa (星宿) (each of the kalpas is supposed to produce 1,000 Buddhas which are referred to as 三劫三千佛)
                              三更  sān gēng OC: saam kraaŋ MC: sɑm kɣaŋ 1 AttributionWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • NPabthe third watch of the night (the period between 11 p.m. and 1 a.m.)
                              大劫  dà jié OC: daads kab MC: dɑi ki̯ɐp 1 AttributionWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: a great kalpa (i.e. the time period from the creation of a universe until its destruction; a great kalpa is sometimes calculated as consisting of 80 small kalpas and lasting for 1,347,000,000 years); SANSKRIT mahākalpa
                              時世  shí shì OC: ɡljɯ lʰebs MC: dʑɨ ɕiɛi 1 AttributionWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • NPthe times (as changing in character)
                              時間  shí jiān OC: ɡljɯ kreen MC: dʑɨ kɣɛn 1 AttributionWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • NPabtime period
                              期節  qī jié OC: ɡɯ tsiiɡ MC: gɨ tset 1 AttributionWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • NPdestined season, preestablished proper period
                              空劫  kōng jié OC: khooŋ kab MC: khuŋ ki̯ɐp 1 AttributionWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • NPabBUDDH: the kalpa of emptiness (this refers to the fourth phase within a kalpa, the period after a universe has been destroyed and before a new universe is created; during this period all sentient beings of the realm of form (色界) and realm of desire (欲界) are extinguished, and everything is completely void except the fourth dhyāna heaven, 第四禪天); see also 四劫
                              星宿劫  xīng sù jié OC: seeŋ suɡ kab MC: seŋ suk ki̯ɐp 1 AttributionWD
                              • 佛光大辭典 Fóguāng dàcídiǎn The Foguang Dictionary of Buddhism ( FOGUANG) p. 3837b

                              • 釋迦譜 Shìjiā pǔ Taishō ( SHIJIAPU) p. 9c15-26

                                其千人者花光佛為首。下至毘舍。於莊嚴劫得成佛道。過去千佛是也。此中千佛者拘留孫佛為首。下至樓至如來。於賢劫中次第成佛。後千佛者日光如來為首。下至須彌相。於星宿劫中當得成佛。現在十方諸佛善德如來等。亦得聞是五十三佛名故。於十方世界各得成佛。過去五十三佛名。在藥王藥上觀經。三千佛名在諸佛集功德花經。千佛名號國土種姓。父母弟子眷屬眾會年歲在賢劫經。釋迦在賢劫中千佛第四成佛祐仰惟。

                                Syntactic words
                              • NPprbuddhistBUDDH: the future skr. Naksatra kalpa
                              莊嚴劫  zhuāng yán jié OC: skraŋ ŋɡam kab MC: ʈʂi̯ɐŋ ŋi̯ɐm ki̯ɐp 1 AttributionWD
                              • 佛光大辭典 Fóguāng dàcídiǎn The Foguang Dictionary of Buddhism ( FOGUANG) p. 1778a

                                Syntactic words
                              • NPprmeaningBUDDH: the past skr. Vyūha kalpa (the names of the 1,000 Buddhas of the this kalpa are listed in the Guòqù Zhuāngyán jié qiānfó míng jīng 過去莊嚴劫千佛名經)
                              秋  qiū OC: tshiw MC: tshɨu 1 AttributionWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • nadNof the autumn periodCH
                              • npost-Nthe period of N
                              卯  mǎo 1 AttributionWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • nabThe period of the sunrise (5-7 am)CW
                              辰  chén MC: dzyin OC: ɡljɯnCW 1 AttributionWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • nabPeriod 7-9 amCW
                              巳  sì 1 AttributionWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • nabMid morning, 9-11amCW
                              午  wǔ MC: nguX OC: ŋaaʔCW 1 AttributionWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • nabtimeMidday, 11am to 1pmCW
                              未  wèi MC: mj+jH OC: mɯdsCW 1 AttributionWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • nabAfternoon hour, 1 to 3 pmCW
                              申  shēn MC: syin OC: lʰinCW 1 AttributionWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • nabtimeLater afternoon, 3 - 5 pm.CW
                              酉  yǒu 1 AttributionWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • nabtimeEarly evening, 5-7pmCW
                              戌  xū MC: swit OC: smidCW 1 AttributionWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • nabtimeDusk hour, 7 to 9 pmCW
                              亥  hài 1 AttributionWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • nabtimeLate evening 9 - 11pmCW
                              子  zǐ MC: tsiX OC: sklɯʔCW 1 AttributionWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • nabtimeMidnight, 11pm to 1 amCW
                              丑  chǒu 1 AttributionWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • nabtimeBefore dawn, 1 to 3 amCW
                              六國時  liù lù liù guó shí MC: ljuwk kwok dzyi OC: ɡ-ruɡ kʷɯɯɡ ɡljɯCH 1 AttributionWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • NPprthe period of the 六國 CH
                              有閒  yǒu jiān MC: hjuwX kean OC: ɢʷɯʔ kreenCH 1 AttributionWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • VPpostadV=有間 for a whileCH
                              於是  yú shì MC: 'jo dzyeX OC: qa ɡljeʔCH 1 AttributionWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • VPadSDuring that period, at that historical stageCH
                              寓  yù OC: ŋos MC: ŋi̯o 0 AttributionsWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • vadVtemporarily; for the time being
                              喪期  sāng qī OC: smaaŋ ɡɯ MC: sɑŋ gɨ 0 AttributionsWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • NPabtimeperiod of mourning
                              四劫  sì jié OC: plids kab MC: si ki̯ɐp 0 AttributionsWD
                              • 佛光大辭典 Fóguāng dàcídiǎn The Foguang Dictionary of Buddhism ( FOGUANG) p. 1694

                              • 佛光大辭典 Fóguāng dàcídiǎn The Foguang Dictionary of Buddhism ( FOGUANG) p. 2811

                              • 佛光大辭典 Fóguāng dàcídiǎn The Foguang Dictionary of Buddhism ( FOGUANG) p. 3475c

                                Syntactic words
                              • NPabBUDDH: the four phases/periods within a kalpa: the period of the creation of a universe (成劫), the period of the existence of a universe (住劫), the period of the destruction of a universe (壞劫), the period after a universe has been constructed and before a new universe is created (空劫)
                              小時  xiǎo shí OC: smewʔ ɡljɯ MC: siɛu dʑɨ 0 AttributionsWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • NPadVafter a short while/time
                              頃久  qǐng jiǔ OC: khʷleŋʔ klɯʔ MC: khiɛŋ kɨu 0 AttributionsWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • VPi0adVfor a good while
                              年  nián OC: niin MC: nen 0 AttributionsWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • nperiod; years of one's life 遐年 "later years; old age"
                              節  jié OC: tsiiɡ MC: tset 0 AttributionsWD
                                Syntactic words
                              • nabtimepart of the year; period

                              Existing SW for

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