RELATIVES    親戚親戚

HUMANS who HAVE COMMON ANCESTORS.
RELATIONMEMBER OF SOMEONE'S/THE FAMILYKINSMANKINSWOMAN(RELATIVES) FAMILYKINKITH AND KINKINDREDKINSFOLK
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general words for relatives are qīn 親 "consanguine relative", and qī 戚 "non-consaguine relative". 2. Juàn 眷 is not very current in pre-Buddhist times, but does refer quite generally to consanguine as well as non-consanguine relatives. 3. Qī 戚 refers to relatives including and sometimes focussing on the non-consanguine relations. 4. Qīn qī 親戚 refers to members of one family having a consanguinal relationship. Before the >Qín 秦 dynasty, these could be also called zhì qīn 至親. 5. Gǔ roù 骨肉 is used as a metaphor refering to a consanginual kinship. 6. Jiā rén 家人 refers to the family living together. 7. Qīn shǔ 親屬 refers in a rather objective or even administrative way to the members of a clan.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 HUMAN AFFAIRS 2. 親屬。 親，通稱。 戚，常指外親。 黨，見於漢代的泛稱。 屬，常作詞素，如 “ 親屬 ”“ 戚屬 ” ，泛指宗親、外親有服制者。 姻，夫家；擴大指具有婚姻關係的雙方家庭成員。 血，近親，即父系親屬。
Modern Chinese Criteria
親戚 親屬 本家 親丁 親眷 六親 戚 Ah 親系 親表 親從 親類 親黨 親族 姻舊 姻故 氏 first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH
Hyponym
  • ANCESTOR　RELATIVE of PAST GENERATION whose DESCENDANT one is.  (anc: 8/0, child: 3)
  • UNCLE　MALE RELATIVE of the EARLIER GENERATION. (anc: 8/0, child: 0)
  • IN-LAWS　RELATIVES BECAUSE of MARRIAGE. (anc: 8/0, child: 1)
  • COUSIN　RELATIVE who is a CHILD of one's AUNT OR UNCLE. (anc: 8/0, child: 0)
  • PARENT　RELATIVE who has ENGENDERED OR BIRTH:given birth to a CHILD. (anc: 8/0, child: 2)
  • SIBLING　RELATIVE as DIRECT OFFSPRING BIRTH:born from the SAME PARENTS. (anc: 8/0, child: 2)
Hypernym
  • HUMAN　ANIMAL which HAS TWO LEGS AND LACKS FEATHERS. (anc: 6/0, child: 31)
  • ANIMAL　CREATURE ABLE to FEEL AND MOVE. (anc: 5/0, child: 12)
  • CREATURE　LIVING THING. (anc: 4/0, child: 3)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 2.81

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    RELATIVES

    necessarius refers to anyone to whom one is bound by a permanent connection whether of an official kind, or a private nature.

    propinquus refers to anyone to whom one is bound by a family connection, a relative.

    affinis refers to someone to whom one is related by marriage.

    cognatus and consanguineus refer to anyone to whom one is related by blood.

    cognatio is the the relationship by blood existing among members of the same family

    consanguinitas refers to the relationship of nations by derivation from a common origin.

  • 漢語親屬稱謂的結構分析 ( LIN MEIRONG 1990) p.

  • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 23

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 212

  • 中國文化背景八千詞 Zhongguo wenhua beijing ba qian ci ( WU SANXING 2008) p. 119ff

  • Encyclopedia of Religion ( JONES 2005) p.

  • Encyclopedia of Social and Cultural Anthropology ( BARNARD AND SPENCER 2002) p.

    KINSHIP

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 69B

    • Words (30 items)

    親戚  qīn qī OC: tshiŋ skhlɯɯwɡ MC: tshin tshek 41 Attributions

    Qīn qī 親戚 refers to members of one family having a consanguinal relationship. Before the >Qín 秦 dynasty, these could be also called zhì qīn 至親.

      Syntactic words
    • NP(post-N)pluralrelatives of the contextually determinate personDS
    • NP[post-N]one's relatives, kinsmen; kith and kin; kinfolk
    • NPadVas a relative ZGC: 親戚受封
    • NPpost-NN's relativesDS
    親  qīn OC: tshiŋ MC: tshin 25 Attributions

    The current general words for relatives are qīn 親"consanguine relative", and qī 戚"non-consaguine relative".

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 戚/RELATIVES Qī 戚 refers to relatives including and sometimes focussing on the non-consanguine relations.

      Syntactic words
    • n[post-N]{PRED}relative
    • nabrelationalthe relation of kinship by blood (there are examples in HF, I think) 六親 "the six kinds of blood relations" variously defined in the commentarial literature.
    • npost-NN's closest relatives, N's family members, N's kinLZ
    • nt[post-N]one's own relatives
    • ntnonreferentialblood relation, blood relations.
    父子  fù zǐ OC: baʔ sklɯʔ MC: bi̯o tsɨ 11 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPfather and sonCH
    • NPabrelationalrelationship between father and son
    • VPi0there are prevailing relations between father and sons
    父兄  fù xiōng OC: baʔ qhʷraŋ MC: bi̯o hɣaŋ 6 Attributions

    Fù xiōng 父兄 refers to cousins on the paternal side.

      Syntactic words
    • NPpluralsenior male relatives
    • NPpost-Nprsenior relatives of an NprDS
    骨肉  gǔ ròu OC: kuud njuɡ MC: kuot ȵuk 6 Attributions

    Gǔ roù 骨肉 is used as a metaphor refering to a consanginual kinship.

      Syntactic words
    • NPabsocialkinship (relations), (closeness) of relatives
    • NPadNblood-relation-related
    • NP{N1=N2}subject=humanclose relatives, close kinsmen
    眷屬  juàn shǔ OC: krons djoɡ MC: kiɛn dʑi̯ok 5 Attributions
    • 佛經詞語匯釋 Fójīng cíyǔ huìshì The Translation of the Vocabulary of Buddhist Sūtras ( LI WEIQI 2004) p. 189-194

    • 大正新修大藏經 Taishō shinshū daizōkyō Revised Edition of the Buddhist Canon in the Taishō Era ( T.) p. 15/630: 452a26

    • 大正新修大藏經 Taishō shinshū daizōkyō Revised Edition of the Buddhist Canon in the Taishō Era ( T.) p. 3/154: 93b12

    • 大正新修大藏經 Taishō shinshū daizōkyō Revised Edition of the Buddhist Canon in the Taishō Era ( T.) p. 4/199: 194b2

      家中眷屬多 In his family there were numerous family members/relatives

      Syntactic words
    • NPpluralrelatives, family members (in the Buddhist context occasionally also referring to close disciples; see DISCIPLE); more generally: followers 眷屬諸親 (T.3/179: 450b18)
    家人  jiā rén OC: kraa njin MC: kɣɛ ȵin 4 Attributions

    Jiā rén 家人 refers to the family living together.

      Syntactic words
    • nn: relative, a member of the family
    側室  cè shì OC: skrɯɡ qhljiɡ MC: ʈʂɨk ɕit 3 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Oppos: 君/RULER Jūn 君 (ant. chén 臣 "minister") refers specifically to someone who is politically or administratively in charge of others as a ruler.

      Syntactic words
    • NPpluralcollateral relatives (of the family of wives and concubines)
    姻媾  yīn gòu OC: qin koos MC: ʔin ku 2 Attributions
    • () p. 2291a

      Syntactic words
    • NPpluralrelatives by wife> in-laws (relatives by marriage)
    戚  qī OC: skhlɯɯwɡ MC: tshek 2 Attributions

    Qī 戚 refers to relatives including and sometimes focussing on the non-consanguine relations.

      Word relations
    • Epithet: 六/SIX
    • Assoc: 親/RELATIVES The current general words for relatives are qīn 親"consanguine relative", and qī 戚"non-consaguine relative".

      Syntactic words
    • nmcollectivenon-blood family relations 六戚 "six kinds of relatives"
    祖  zǔ OC: skaaʔ MC: tsuo̝ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nfather's father, grandfather
    堂弟  táng dì OC: daaŋ liilʔ MC: dɑŋ dei 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPyounger male cousin (with the same surname)
    親屬  qīn shǔ OC: tshiŋ djoɡ MC: tshin dʑi̯ok 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPadNconstituted by relatives
    • NPcollectiverelatives
    • NPindefinitea relative
    肺腑  fèi fǔ OC: phobs poʔ MC: phi̯ɐi pi̯o 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabsocialfamily connections (especially with the imperial or a royal family)
    親眷  qīn juàn OC: tshiŋ krons MC: tshin kiɛn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluralrelatives, kinfolk (very rare word)
    親者  qīn zhě MC: tshin tsyaeX OC: tshiŋ kljaʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPrelativesLZ
    女壻  nǚ xù MC: nrjoX sejH OC: naʔ sqees 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPson-in-lawDS
    人人  rén rén OC: njin njin MC: ȵin ȵin 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialrelatives
    壻  xù MC: sejH OC: sqees 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • ntson-in-lawDS
    種類  zhǒng lèi OC: tjoŋʔ ruds MC: tɕi̯oŋ li 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nplacerelatives; near relatives
    從妹  zòng mèi OC: dzoŋs mɯɯds MC: dzi̯oŋ muo̝i 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPfemale cousin
    姻親  yīn qīn OC: qin tshiŋ MC: ʔin tshin 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabsocialties by kinship and marriage
    堂兄  táng xiōng OC: daaŋ qhʷraŋ MC: dɑŋ hɣaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPelder male cousin
    中表  zhōng biǎo MC: trjuwng pjewX OC: krluŋ prawʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NP(post-N)pluralcousins from both of father's and mother's side of the contextually determinate person DS
    屬  shǔ OC: djoɡ MC: dʑi̯ok 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • npluralrelatives
    九族  jiǔ zú OC: kuʔ sɡooɡ MC: kɨu dzuk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVdown to the ninth degree of cognate relationship
    六親  liù qīn OC: ɡ-ruɡ tshiŋ MC: luk tshin 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPthe six close family relations 尹知章 注：“六親，謂父母兄弟妻子。”
    族父母  zú fù mǔ OC: sɡooɡ baʔ mɯʔ MC: dzuk bi̯o mu 0 Attributions

    Zú fǔ mǔ 族父母 refers either to the son or daughter of the paternal grandfather's brother.

      Syntactic words
    從弟  cóng dì OC: dzoŋ liilʔ MC: dzi̯oŋ dei 0 Attributions

    Cóng dì 從弟 refers to the sons of the father's brothers which are younger than the person refering to them.

      Syntactic words
    眷  juàn OC: krons MC: kiɛn 0 Attributions

    Juàn 眷 is not very current in pre-Buddhist times, but does refer quite generally to consanguine as well as non-consanguine relatives.

      Syntactic words
    • nconsanguine and non-consanguine relatives