AGAIN  再又

REPEATing what has HAPPENED or been ACT:done in the PAST. 
ONCE MOREANOTHER TIMEAFRESHANEW
Antonym
Hypernym
  • REPEATHAPPEN AS OR what has HAPPENED BEFORE,OR SAY OR ACT:do what one has SAID OR ACT:done,.
    • SPEAKACT so as to USE WORDS FOR SHOWING MEANING.*Speech by speaker X, directed towards audience Y, in order to communicate message Z.
      • ACTMOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision.
        • MOVECHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION....
See also
  • ALSOADDING SOMETHING to what has ALREADY been SAID OR been REFERRED TO. 
    • STILLCONTINUING RESEMBLING:as EARLIER.
        Old Chinese Criteria
        [CYCLIC/LINEAR]

        [GENERAL/SPECIFIC]

        [INCREASING/STATIC]

        [SUBJ=HUMAN/SUBJ=NON-HUMAN]

        1. Fù 復 tends to refer to a cyclic repetition of any any event, action, or process.

        [CYCLIC!], [GENERAL]

        2. Yòu 又 refers to linear repetition, often of an incremental nature, of any event, action, or process (compare LAO 玄之又玄 "even more mysterious than the mysterious".

        [GENERAL], [INCREASING!], [LINEAR]

        3. Zài 再 refers generally to linear repetition of the same action, typically by a human agent.

        [GENERAL], [LINEAR], [SUBJ=HUMAN!]

        4. Gèng 更 in front of transitive verbs typically implies a change of object and thus often retains elements of its original force "improve", and the word often retains the nuance of an intended systematic improvement achieved by the change.

        [SPECIFIC], [SUBJ=HUMAN]

        5. Xí 襲 refers to repetition by way of a continuation of a traditIon. See REPEAT.

        [LINEAR], [SPECIFIC], [SUBJ=HUMAN]

        Modern Chinese Criteria
        再 is the current modern word for "again" and its meaning derives from the meaning "twice", and the repeated action is typically (but not always) in the future.

        又 contrasts notoriously with 再 in many other meanings, but when it means "again", the reference is typically to a repeated action in the past or in the present. [Add references to the extensive literature on this distinction.]

        復 (lit) "again" is current only in epistolary style.

        重複

        再三

        來回

        又要 refers to repeated action in the future.

        還 does not primarily refer to repetition but to doing something X in addition to something else Y.

        重 chóng "repeatedly" is usually a bound form in modern Chinese.

        反覆 "again and again" focusses on multiple repetition.

        一再 is idiomatic for continuous repetition.

        再三 is idiomatic for continuous repetition.

        再三再四 is idiomatic for continuous repetition.

        連連

        重

        還

        更



        復

        再度

        再次

        重新

        從新

        重覆

        重複

        first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH/

        Old Chinese Contrasts
        1. Fù 復 can be negated to mean "no more, no longer" (Ban Zhao, NJ); yòu 又 cannot be so negated.

        2. Fù 復 can refer to regaining things (CC fù sū 復穌 "come to life again"); yòu 又 cannot be so used.

        3. Fù 復 always refers to the repetition of the same kind of action; yòu 又 can refer to the same kind of action, but it can also present a list of significantly comparable actions.

        4. When the particles link to occurrences of basically the same event, then difference between them is that fù 復 invites us to dwell on the sameness of the events, and yòu 又 invites us to dwell on their separate occurrence. Since yòu 又 emphasises the difference in this case, it is natural that the word can also be used when in fact the events show considerable difference.

        5. Fù dé 復得 is "to retrieve", yòu dé 又得 is "to get another one".

        6. Fù shēng 復生 "be reborn" and gèng shēng 更生 "be born again" (ZHUANG 19), sù shēng 甦生 "be born again" contrasts with yòu shēng 又生 "also give birth to"

        7. Fù lì 復立 "arise anew" contrasts with yòu lì 又立 "establish in addition" and gèng lì 更立 "establish as replacement".

        • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 14.35

        • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

          AGAIN

          iterum refers to doing something a second time.

          rursum refers to doing something again, and in the same way.

          de integro refers to doing something again in a fresh or new way.

          denuo refers to returning again to a previous state or situation.

        • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 60

          1. WL claims that za4i 再 always means "twice" and claims that the word only came to mean "again" in the 近代 period. In fact, za4i 再 certainly does often mean "twice", but there is a wide range of current cases where the word means not "twice" but "a second time". Significantly, even the SHUOWEN explanation of the word suggests this second meaning.

          2. WL does not begin to appreciate the basic differences between the two words for again. WL 99 glosses yo4u 又 as fu4 復. Compare this identification of meaning with the contrasts elaborated in SSC under the heading of AGAIN.

        • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 111

        • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 349

        • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 466

        • A New Dictionary of Classical Greek Synonyms ( T.W.HARBSMEIER 2004) p. NO.108

        • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 202A

          ABERMALS

        Words

        復  fù OC: buɡs MC: bɨu 70 AttributionsWD

        Fù 復 tends to refer to a cyclic repetition. >>GENERAL, CYCLIC!

          Word relations
        • Contrast: 重/TWO Chóng 重 is mostly adnominal and refers to something being two-layered.
        • Assoc: 又/AGAIN Yòu 又 refers to linear repetition, often of an incremental nature (compare LAO 玄之又玄 "even more mysterious than the mysterious". >>GENERAL, LINEAR, INCREASING

          Syntactic words
        • vadVagain (as in 復戰 "fight again, renew battle".(often of reverting to an original state:) again (失而復得"lose but regain again") occasionally and rarely adversative: on the contrary; (with negatives, not) any more, not any longer; but again
        再  zài OC: tsɯɯs MC: tsəi 39 AttributionsWD

        Zài 再 refers generally to linear repetition of the same action. >>GENERAL, LINEAR

          Syntactic words
        • nsubjecta second case, a second instance
        • vadVa second time; for the second time 再取 "marry again" 再。。。再 "over and over again..."
        又  yòu OC: ɢʷɯs MC: ɦɨu 20 AttributionsWD

        Yòu 又 refers to linear repetition, often of an incremental nature (compare LAO 玄之又玄 "even more mysterious than the mysterious". >>GENERAL, LINEAR, INCREASING

          Word relations
        • Assoc: 復/AGAIN Fù 復 tends to refer to a cyclic repetition. >>GENERAL, CYCLIC!

          Syntactic words
        • padN{PRED}figurative. relational又其次"be next to the next-important" iteratively again applied to the same categoryCH
        • padVonce more, again (as in 又戰 "fight another battle")
        • vtoNrepeat (the same action)
        更  gèng OC: kraaŋs MC: kɣaŋ 9 AttributionsWD

        Gèng 更 in front of transitive verbs typically implies a change of object and thus often retains elements of its original force, and the word often retains the nuance of an intended systematic improvement achieved by the change.

          Syntactic words
        • vadVanother time, yet again; once more; also plural: more times in the future
        復更  fù gèng OC: buɡs kraaŋs MC: bɨu kɣaŋ 8 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPadVchange again > yet another time, again
        還  hái MC: -- OC: -- 7 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vadVagain (to be read hái since when???)
        又復  yòu fù OC: ɢʷɯs buɡs MC: ɦɨu bɨu 5 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • PPadVonce again
        薦  jiàn OC: tseens MC: tsen 2 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vadVfor a second time
        • vadVrepeatedlyLZ
        亦復  yì fù OC: k-laɡ buɡs MC: jiɛk bɨu 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPadVagain, also on this occasion
        又更  yòu gèng OC: ɢʷɯs kraaŋs MC: ɦɨu kɣaŋ 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • PPadVagain
        又重  yòu chóng OC: ɢʷɯs doŋ MC: ɦɨu ɖi̯oŋ 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • PPadVagain
        更就  gèng jiù OC: kraaŋs dzuɡs MC: kɣaŋ dzɨu 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • PPadVagain
        續復  xù fù OC: sɢloɡ buɡs MC: zi̯ok bɨu 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPadVagain, another time
        還復  huán fù OC: ɡʷraan buɡs MC: ɦɣan bɨu 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPadVand again and again
        往來  wǎng lái MC: hjwangX loj OC: ɢʷaŋʔ m-rɯɯCH 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • VPadVover and over againCH
        有  yǒu MC: hjuwX OC: ɢʷɯʔLZ 1 AttributionWD
          Syntactic words
        • vadV= you4 又 'again'LZ
        襲  xí OC: zɯb MC: zip 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        重  chóng OC: doŋ MC: ɖi̯oŋ 0 AttributionsWD
          Syntactic words
        • vadVdoubling> another time, yet again; once again

        Existing SW for

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