Taxonomy of meanings for 愴:　　

  • 愴 chuàng (OC: skhraŋs MC: tʂʰiɐŋ) 初亮切 去 廣韻：【悽愴 】
    • SAD
      • vipoetic: sad and distressed
  • 愴 chuǎng (OC: skhraŋʔ MC: tʂʰiɐŋ) 初兩切 上 廣韻：【愴怳失意皃又音創 】

    Additional information about 愴

    說文解字: 【愴】，傷也。从心、倉聲。 【初亮切】

      Criteria
    • SAD

      1. The general word for sadness of any kind is bēi 悲 (ant. huān 歡 "joyful" and xǐ 喜 "delighted").

      2. Yōu 悠 refers to a pensive listlessness, a wistful kind of sadness.

      3. Qī 悽 (ant. lè 樂 "feel acute profound joy") refers to acute profound unhappiness.

      4. Yù 鬱 (ant. xīn 欣 "in high spirits") refers to largely endogenic sadness or depression.

      5. Shāng 傷 (ant. yuè 悅 "be pleased") refers to sadness caused by identifiable external conditions.

      6. Cǎn 慘／憯 refers poetically to a kind of despondency.

      7. Mǐn 閔 / 憫 is a very poetic word which typically refers to a kind of sadness that has external causes and can be close to compassion.

      8. Chóu 愁 refers to an internalised sadness one is reluctant to show openly.

      9. Qī 戚 / 慽 is an archaising elevated word for sadness that is common in poetry.

      10. Qī chuàng 悽愴 refers to sadness typically associated with regret or even remorse.

      NB: The vocabulary of sadness in Chinese poses very special problems because it is to huge: in many cases I am quite unable to determine the exact nuances. This subject requires a special monograph.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: (SAD)悽/SAD Qī 悽 (ant. lè 樂 "feel acute profound joy") refers to acute profound unhappiness.