EXCLAMATIO  

SPEECH ACT of exclaiming and thus venting an emotion or expressing a reaction vividly.

感嘆法 Exclamatory expression of emotion.

Often difficult to distinguish from ADMIRATIO, which involves an attendant expectation that a matter referred to is astonishing. Also to be distinguished from EXCLAMATIO POETICA which is less assertively exclamatory and more appreciative.

Hypernym
  • SPEECH ACTRHETORICAL TROPE in the form of a deliberate rhetorico-semantic act performed. [This definition is still a tentative stop-gap, and this category is far larger than I would like. It needs to be intelligently subdivided. CH]
    • RHETORICAL TROPE體裁詞格　RHETORICAL DEVICE mainly concerned with the structural semantics of expressions.
Hyponym
  • ADMIRATIOEXCLAMATIO expressing surprise or amazement. 歎稱法 Emphatic reference to something with an attendant expression of the speaker's amazement at it, and the expected astonishment of the audience. Easy to confuse with EXCLAMATIO which focusses on plain exclamatory expression of the speaker's emotionLate Greek: thaumasmos.
    • DUBITATIOHISTRIONIC EXCLAMATIO declaring oneself to be in doubt about how to express oneself or what to say. 假躊躇法 Display of feigned uncertainty as to what to say or how to express oneself. Contrast APORIA which is a display of uncertainty what (ultimately) to think.
      • APORIA　DUBITATIO declaring oneself to be left with a problem unsolvable not only by oneself but also by anyone else. Declaration that one is in unresolved doubt about a matter. The uncertainty may be linguistic (about how to express oneself) or intellectual (about what one ought to think).Greek: aporia, diaporeesis
        • APORIA-CONCLUDING　APORIA concluding a discourse unit. Declaration that one is uncertain at the end of a paragraph, argument, or passage.
    • OPTATIOEXCLAMATIO expressing an intense typically unfulfillable or even contrafactual desire.Invocation of what one is hoping for or wishing for.
      • EXECRATIOEXCLAMATIO in the form of an execration of a person or a thing. 不當面罵人法　Contrast the face-to-face form of ABOMINATIO.
        • EXCLAMATIO-POETICA詩意感嘆法　Poetic exclamation.To be distinguished from prosaic EXCLAMATIO as being lyrically sensitive and passive rather than assertive.
          Miriam 245 "Ecphonesis is exclamation, the most widely used figure of vehemence and one expressing every species of emotion."

          EX: O sun,

          Burn the great sphere thou mov'st in! Darkling stand

          Thevarying shore o' th' world. O Antony,

          Antony, Antony! A and C 4.15.9

          REF: Lausberg 809

          Greek/Latin: Quint. 9.2.26 excludes exclamations that describe a true state of affairs from the figure of speech exclamatio: ...quod exclamationem quidam vocant ponuntque inter figuras orationis; haec quotiens versa sunt, non sunt in ea forma, de qua nunc loquimur, at simulata et arte composita, procul dubio schemata sunt existimanda; exclamatio, quam sententiae potius (figuram) puto: affectus enim est. Cicero was particularly fond of this form. Fortun. 2.19.p.112.24 quid? ekphoneesin possumus interponere (narrationi)? possumus, ut plerumque M. Tullius facit. ... "e.g. o tempora o mores"

          Ancient Chinese: This must be studied in connection with the particle 哉 . See my brief grammatical survey.

          Rhetorical device locations: 75
          • 道德經 我愚人之心也哉！
          • 論語 「已矣乎！
          • 論語 吾已矣夫！」
          • 論語 「噫！
          • 論語 如其仁！
          • 論語 「使乎！ 使乎
          • 論語 何德之衰？
          • 論語 已而！
          • 論語 已而！
          • 論語 「異乎吾所聞：
          • 莊子 不亦悲乎！
          • 論語 「嗚呼！
          • 論語 何莫由斯道也？」
          • 論語 觚哉！
          • 論語 何莫由斯道也？」
          • 論語 6.16　子曰：
          • 論語 何有於我哉？」
          • 論語 11.9　顏淵死。 子曰 噫 天喪予 天喪予
          • 論語 11.18　柴也愚， 參也魯 師也辟 由也喭
          • 論語 「吾與點也！」
          • 論語 「噫！
          • 論語 如其仁， 如其仁
          • 論語 「鄙哉， 硜硜乎
          • 論語 「予欲無言。」
          • 論語 「咨！
          • 論語 「彼哉！彼哉！」
          • 論語 「人也。
          • 論語 「使乎！
          • 論語 君子哉！」
          • 論語 「予欲無言。」
          • 論語 「誰能出不由戶？ 何莫由斯道也
          • 論語 「甚矣吾衰也！ 久矣吾不復夢見周公
          • 論語 「甚矣吾衰也！
          • 論語 「惜乎！
          • 論語 吾末如之何也已矣。」
          • 論語 「從我於陳、蔡者，
          • 論語 夫子喟然歎曰： 吾與點也
          • 論語 「惜乎， 夫子之說君子也 駟不及舌
          • 論語 「富哉言乎！
          • 論語 「噫！ 言游過矣
          • 論語 賢哉回也！」
          • 論語 「甚矣吾衰也！ 久矣吾不復夢見周公
          • 論語 君而知禮，
          • 論語 「大哉孔子！
          • 論語 「惜乎！ 吾見其進也 未見其止也
          • 論語 「孝哉閔子騫！

            Confucius is struck by the depth of the filial piety in evidence. His is not a cold justment, but a judgemental exclamation.

          • 論語 「噫！ 天喪予 天喪予

            This is an exclamatory reaction rather than a philosophical judgment.

          • 論語 鮮矣仁！」
          • 論語 「不知也； 知其說者之於天下也 其如示諸斯乎 指其掌

            This is an emotional philosophical eruption rather than a serious analytic statement.

          • 論語 「管仲之器小哉！」

            Confucius enthuses and almost erupts about something in Guanzhong: this is not a plain declarative statement in a critical argumentative context.

          • 論語 命矣夫！ 斯人也而有斯疾也！ 斯人也而有斯疾也
          • 論語 「甚矣吾衰也！ 久矣吾不復夢見周公
          • 論語 吾已矣夫！」
          • 論語 9.11　顏淵喟然歎曰： 仰之彌高 鑽之彌堅 瞻之在前 忽焉在後 夫子循循然善誘人 博我以文 約我以禮 欲罷不能 既竭吾才 如有所立卓爾 雖欲從之 末由也已
          • 論語 欺天乎！
          • 論語 「庶矣哉！」
          • 論語 誠哉是言也！」

            Exclamatory confirmation of that concept of truth which it is famously denied that the Chinese ever had any notion of.

          • 論語 「君子哉若人！
          • 論語 「君子哉若人！
          • 論語 「直哉史魚！
          • 論語 「已矣乎！
          • 論語 難矣哉！」
          • 論語 「吾嘗終日不食， 終夜不寢
          • 論語 「堂堂乎張也， 難與並為仁矣
          • 論語 「噫！ 天喪予 天喪予

            This is not primarily reporting an opinion, it is a biographic description of a spontaneous emotional reaction.

          • 論語 「果哉！ 末之難矣
          • 論語 君子哉！」
          • 論語 仲尼日月也，
          • 論語 「仁遠乎哉？
          • 論語 難矣哉！
          • 論語 「歸與！ 歸與 吾黨之小子狂簡

            Note the lively informal and even colloquial reference to Confucius's people in Lu as 吾黨.

          • 論語 「大哉問！

            This is not a statement of fact: "This is a big question."

          • 論語 郁郁乎文哉！ 吾從周
          • 論語 「八佾舞於庭，

            This is not a cool judgment. It is an outburst of moral outrage.

          • 論語 「不圖為樂之至於斯也。」