METONYMY  代替引伸法

RhRHETORICAL TROPE in the form of the use of an expression in a meaning which it literally does not have but which is clearly related to the basic meaning of that expression.

Substitution of a semantically clearly related but literally inappropriate word for another literally appropriate word.

The contrast is between METONYMY where there is a variously defined but semantically clear relation of the extended use to the primary use of a word, METAPHORA, in which there is only poetic suggestiveness and no clear and explicit, semantic link, and finallly SYNECDOCHE, in which the relation is one of taxonymy or of mereonymy (part-whole relationship).

Hypernym
  • RHETORICAL TROPE體裁詞格　RHETORICAL DEVICE mainly concerned with the structural semantics of expressions.
Hyponym
  • METAPHORAMETAPHORA in the form of an implicit COMPARATIO in which an expression is taken not in its literal sense but in a sense derived from the literal sense so as to indicate an implicit comparison and abstraction from detail.Figurative substitution for the proper verb or noun (e.g. "warrior") of another word which evokes special features of the proper word (e.g. "lion"). Note that in general the phenomenon of lexicalised figurative usage is best studied in TLS by searching for the semantic category FIG. Under METAPHORA I collect those cases where the figurative usage does not appear to have been lexicalised. The distinction between FIG and METAPHORA is exasperatingly often arbitrary.Another difficult contrast is between METONYMY where there is a variously defined but semantically clear relation of the extended use to the primary use of a word, METAPHORA, in which there is only poetic suggestiveness and no clear and explicit, semantic link, and finallly SYNECDOCHE, in which the relation is one of taxonymy or of mereonymy (part-whole relationship).ALLEGORIA is sustained and systematic metaphorical discourse.
    • ALLEGORIA　Extended narrative METAPHORA. Sustained metaphorical discourse, typically in a narrative context.
      • PARABLE　ALLEGORIA that is short and illustrates a moral truth.
    • METAPHORA-CONVENTIONAL　慣用比喻法　Conventional METAPHORA
    • SYNECDOCHEMETONYMY with part for whole; whole for part; genus for species; species for genus. The difficult contrast is between METONYMY where there is a variously defined but semantically clear relation of the extended use to the primary use of a word, METAPHORA, in which there is only poetic suggestiveness and no clear and explicit, semantic link, and finallly SYNECDOCHE, in which the relation is one of taxonymy or of mereonymy (part-whole relationship).
      • CATACHRESISMETONYMY where a word is used in a meaning which it does not have in order to express a meaning for which there is no appropriate word.
        EX: 不敢飲一杯。 . legere Virgilium. Susenbrotus 7: "Ceres" for "grain", "Bacchus" for "wine", "Venus" for "sensual desire", "Vulcan" for "fire", "Mars" for "war". ... "happy age". "pallid death", "sad old age", "blind wrath", "shameless night", "audacious wine". Susenbrotus distinguishes 8 subtypes.

        REF: Lausberg 565ff.

        Ancient Chinese:Since when can one 讀孔子 "read Confucius" and does one have to 讀論語 "read the Analects"in classical Chinese? (Note though, that you can only read the Lu2nyu3 after the time of Han Wudi: the term is not documented before that time...)

        Metonymy is by freer form of extension: cause for effect, effect for cause; proper name for quality, quality for a proper name; container for content. Sunecdoche1 is limited to genus for species, species for genus; whole for part, part for whole.

        Rhetorical device locations: 3
        • 道德經 心善淵

          淵 "abyss" stands for abstract depth.

        • 莊子 其翼若垂天之雲。

          冥 . The darkness of this sea stands for the sea itself.

        • 論語 「俎豆之事，

          The reference is to ritual technicalities in general.