Hypernym

• SPEECH ACTRHETORICAL TROPE in the form of a deliberate rhetorico-semantic act performed. [This definition is still a tentative stop-gap, and this category is far larger than I would like. It needs to be intelligently subdivided. CH]
• RHETORICAL TROPE體裁詞格　RHETORICAL DEVICE mainly concerned with the structural semantics of expressions.
  • RHETORICAL DEVICE詞格　METHOD of adorning discourse.

Hyponym

• ACCUSATIOADDRESS designed to declare one's addressee guilty of a crime.Accusation to the face, typically specifying illegal or immoral acts that are claimed to have been committed by the accused. Greek: kateegoria.
  • ACCUSATIO MUTUA　互相指責法 Mutual ACCUSATIO; later: mutual insult. Also known as ACCUSATIO CONCERTATIVA.Greek: antikateegoria.
• ADULATIO諂媚對話法　ADDRESS designed to function as flattery.
  • ADULATIO+SELF-DEPRECATION　ADULATIO with a strong element of self-deprecation. 典型諂媚﹣自謙法 Self-deprecatory flattery.
  • CAPTATIO BENEVOLENTIAE　ADULATIO of a general audience in forensic context, designed to cause the audience to listen with good-will.Open attempt to gain the good-will of the audience by rhetorical means, typically in flattering opening remarks.
  • ADULATIO-FLATTERING-ADDRESS　典型諂媚稱謂法　ADULATIO in the form of a standardised or ritualised flattery through flattering terminology of adress.
  • ADULATIO-FLATTERING-DESCRIPTION　典型諂媚描寫法　ADULATIO in the form of standardised or ritualised flattery through flattering description.
  • ADULATIO+SELF-DEPRECATION-MULITPLE　重疊典型諂媚﹣自謙法 ADULATIO in the form of self-deprecatory flattery, multiple.
• AVERSIOADDRESS turning towards a person not present or dead. Turning towards a person not present, addressing that person, the address sometimes being even to a dead person or personified things. This is a subcategory of PERSONIFICATIO and VOCATIVUS.
• QUAESTIOADDRESS in the form of an open question.The posing of open questions without providing or expecting an answer. Compare APORIA, DUBITATIO, HAESITATIO.
  • COMMUNICATIO　QUESTION soliciting advice from one's audience. 請教法 Appeal to the audience with a question what they think.
  • PROBLEMATISATIO　QUAESTIO which raises a question as being unanswerable for the time being. The explicit raising of an (typically abstract) topic as a matter of general theoretical or intellectual interest.
  • QUAESTIO-SELF-ANSWERED　QUAESTIO put to oneself and answered by oneself immediately afterwards in one's text. Asking questions and answering them oneself. Also known as SUBIECTIO. ANTHYPOPHORA
  • QUAESTIO-RHETORICA　QUAESTIO which in fact emphatically affirms its assumed answer. Rhetorical question which is neither concluding nor initial.Traditionally: EROTEMA.
    • QUAESTIO-RHETORICA-A FORTIORI　何況法 A fortiori rhetorical question.
    • QUAESTIO-RHETORICA-CONCLUDING　反詰結論法 Conclusion of a passage in the form of a rhetorical question.
    • QUAESTIO-RHETORICA-CONDITIONAL　假設反詰法 Conditional rhetorical question.
    • QUAESTIO-RHETORICA-DELIBERATIVA　謀事反詰法 Rhetorical question to oneself in the context of deliberations on future action.
    • QUAESTIO-RHETORICA-DISJUNCTIVE=DILEMMA　反詰﹣選擇 Open unanswerable alternative question. Traditionally known as DILEMMA.
    • QUAESTIO-RHETORICA-INITIAL　段前反詰法 A rhetorical question at the beginning of a paragraph.
    • QUAESTIO-RHETORICA-PERCONTATIO　用反詰指責法 Rhetorical questions lined up in order to reprehend.
    • QUAESTIO-RHETORICA-TEXT-INTERNAL　反詰﹣章內 Rhetorical question as part of direct speech within a narrative text, i.e. not directed at the reader.
  • QUAESTIO-ANTICIPATIO-SELF-ANSWERED　預先自問法 Anticipation and answering of possible objections. Often referred to by its Greek name proleepsis.Compare QUAESTIO-SELF-ANSWERED which involves not objections but requests for clarification.
  • QUAESTIO-LECTORI　問看官法 A question which the reader is asked to answer for himself.Compare the QUASTIO-LECTORI-CONSULTATIVA by which the author asks a communicative question of advice to the reader.
    • QUAESTIO-LECTORI-CONSULTATIVA　請教讀者法 By the figure QUAESTIO-LECTORI-CONSULTATIVA (traditionally: ANACOENOSIS) the speaker asks counsel of his hearers. Greek: anakoinoosis.
• ABOMINATIOADDRESS designed to insult one's addressee.Insulting form of address, direct insult to the face. Contrast EXECRATIO, which is not face-to-face.Greek: bdelygmia (rarely used)
• FAMILIARITASFamiliar ADDRESS of an addressee. 狎稱法 Addressing one's audience in markedly familiar terms, within a text.
• INVOCATIOEmphatic ADDRESS and appeal to gods or divinities.
  • IUSIURANDUM　INVOCATIO designed as a guarantee of the reliability of a promise.
• SYNCHORESISADRESS in the form of a concessed addressed to one's audience. A figure whereby the speaker, trusting strongly in his own cause, freely gives the questioner leave to judge him.
• VOCATIVUSADDRESS by name to an addressee.
  • VOCATIVUS-APOSTROPHE　　The addressing an absent person.
  • VOCATIVUS-INVOCATION　Invocation of the gods.
  • VOCATIVUS-NEITHER-PRE-NOR-POST　A VOCATIVUS inserted in the middle of an utterance and neither at the beginning nor at the end.
  • VOCATIVUS-POSTPOSED　段後叫呼法　Explicit address to a person after a statement.
  • VOCATIVUS-PREPOSED　Address by name of a person in the vocative mode, typically followed by the use of the second person pronoun.
• ABNUENTIAADDRESS in the form of an abrupt and abrasive refusal to do something or to accept a truth claim that has been made.This is very common in Greek and Latin conversational rhetoric.Impolite demonstrative and insulting ABNUENTIA is hard to find in pre-Buddhist texts. Mild ABNUENTIA is common.
• ADHORTATIOADDRESS to an audience in the form of an exhortation or encouragement towards a certain action or a certain kind of recommended behaviour.
  • AGITATIO　ADHORTATIO which openly encourages coordinated common action, often drastic action.
  • PROPAGANDA　LITERARY GENRE in the form of an ADHORTATIO that is publicly organised and systematically encourages the social public implementation of an ideology.
  • DEPRECATIO　ADHORTATIO encouraging empathy for someone criticised, accused, or attacked.
• CERTAMENADDRESS of an audience which picks a verbal fight.
• DIALOGUSMutual ADDRESSING.
• PRAYERFormal ritual ADDRESS to divinities.
• MONOLOGUEADDRESS directed towards oneself only.
• FAMILIARITAS-WITH-AUDIENCE對讀者狎稱法 Addressing the readership of a text in markedly familiar terms.
• OBSECRATIO呼吁鬼神法 Emphatic rhetorical appeal to the gods or divinities.
• CONCESSIO承認法 ADDRESS in the form of a concession that there are valid arguments that speak against one's arguments.