Hypernym

• ADDRESSSPEECH ACT of explicitly addressing an audience.
• SPEECH ACTRHETORICAL TROPE in the form of a deliberate rhetorico-semantic act performed. [This definition is still a tentative stop-gap, and this category is far larger than I would like. It needs to be intelligently subdivided. CH]
  • RHETORICAL TROPE體裁詞格　RHETORICAL DEVICE mainly concerned with the structural semantics of expressions.
    • RHETORICAL DEVICE詞格　METHOD of adorning discourse.

Hyponym

• VOCATIVUS-APOSTROPHE　The addressing an absent person.
• VOCATIVUS-INVOCATIONInvocation of the gods.
• VOCATIVUS-NEITHER-PRE-NOR-POSTA VOCATIVUS inserted in the middle of an utterance and neither at the beginning nor at the end.
• VOCATIVUS-POSTPOSED段後叫呼法　Explicit address to a person after a statement.
• VOCATIVUS-PREPOSEDAddress by name of a person in the vocative mode, typically followed by the use of the second person pronoun.