Hypernym

• METAPHORAMETAPHORA in the form of an implicit COMPARATIO in which an expression is taken not in its literal sense but in a sense derived from the literal sense so as to indicate an implicit comparison and abstraction from detail.Figurative substitution for the proper verb or noun (e.g. "warrior") of another word which evokes special features of the proper word (e.g. "lion"). Note that in general the phenomenon of lexicalised figurative usage is best studied in TLS by searching for the semantic category FIG. Under METAPHORA I collect those cases where the figurative usage does not appear to have been lexicalised. The distinction between FIG and METAPHORA is exasperatingly often arbitrary.Another difficult contrast is between METONYMY where there is a variously defined but semantically clear relation of the extended use to the primary use of a word, METAPHORA, in which there is only poetic suggestiveness and no clear and explicit, semantic link, and finallly SYNECDOCHE, in which the relation is one of taxonymy or of mereonymy (part-whole relationship).ALLEGORIA is sustained and systematic metaphorical discourse.
• METONYMYRhRHETORICAL TROPE in the form of the use of an expression in a meaning which it literally does not have but which is clearly related to the basic meaning of that expression.Substitution of a semantically clearly related but literally inappropriate word for another literally appropriate word. The contrast is between METONYMY where there is a variously defined but semantically clear relation of the extended use to the primary use of a word, METAPHORA, in which there is only poetic suggestiveness and no clear and explicit, semantic link, and finallly SYNECDOCHE, in which the relation is one of taxonymy or of mereonymy (part-whole relationship).
  • RHETORICAL TROPE體裁詞格　RHETORICAL DEVICE mainly concerned with the structural semantics of expressions.
    • RHETORICAL DEVICE詞格　METHOD of adorning discourse.
• COMPARATIORHETORICAL TROPE in which things are explained by means of comparing them to other things.
  • SPEECH ACTRHETORICAL TROPE in the form of a deliberate rhetorico-semantic act performed. [This definition is still a tentative stop-gap, and this category is far larger than I would like. It needs to be intelligently subdivided. CH]
    • RHETORICAL TROPE體裁詞格　RHETORICAL DEVICE mainly concerned with the structural semantics of expressions.
      • RHETORICAL DEVICE詞格　METHOD of adorning discourse.