MUTUAL    互相交

INTERACT with and be INTERACTED with.
EACH OTHERRECIPROCALRECIPROCALRECIPROCATEDRETURNEDCOMMONJOINTSHARED
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for mutuality between any number of agents is jiāo 交 which can refer to multiple mutual relations entertained or joined into by any given agent. 2. Xiāng 相 refers to mutuality but not necessarily reciprocity between two agents and the mutuality does not have to be contemporaneous (NB: the word even more often acts as an object pronouns). Thus X may do something to Y, and Y to Z, and this constellation would allow for the use of xiāng 相, as in the phrase xiāng jì 相繼 or xiāng suí 相隨 "1. follow one another; (but note also the here irrelevant 2. followed him/her/them)". Moreover, xiāng zhù 相助 does not imply synchronised or contemporaneous help: X may help Y at one time, and Y may help X at another time, and this collaboration will qualify for xiāng zhù 相助. 3. Hù 互 refers specifically to reciprocity of interaction between two agents, and the reciprocity of interaction must occur at the same time.
Modern Chinese Criteria
互相 相互 交互 彼此 相 互 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hypernym
  • INTERACT　ACT so as to CAUSE ANOTHER TO REACT. (anc: 12/0, child: 14)
  • ACT　MOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision. (anc: 11/0, child: 24)
  • MOVE　CHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION. (anc: 10/0, child: 21)
  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    RECIPROCITY

    vicissim refers to successive reciprocity.

    invicem refers to mutual acting and suffering between two persons or things with reference to reciprocal ations

    mutuo refers to mutuality between two persons or things with reference to reciprocal states.

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    MUTUUM

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 3.120

  • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 185

  • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 190

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 581

    • Words (9 items)

    相  xiāng MC: sjang OC: sqaŋ 97 Attributions

    Xiāng 相 refers to mutuality but not necessarily reciprocity between two agents and the mutuality does not have to be contemporaneous (NB: the word even more often acts as an object pronouns). Thus X may do something to Y, and Y to Z, and this constellation would allow for the use of xiāng 相, as in the phrase xiāng jì 相繼 or xiāng suí 相隨 "1. follow one another; (but note also the here irrelevant 2. followed him/her/them)". Moreover, xiāng zhù 相助 does not imply synchronised or contemporaneous help: X may help Y at one time, and Y may help X at another time, and this collaboration will qualify for xiāng zhù 相助.

      Syntactic words
    • npro+Vt+None another's NCH
    • npro{OBJ}+Vtobjectone another; to one another
    胥  xū OC: sqa MC: si̯ɤ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabautonymthe word 胥 "mutually"
    • padVmutually, one another
    遞相  dì xiāng OC: leeʔ sqaŋ MC: dei si̯ɐŋ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • PPadVall mutually to each other
    交  jiāo OC: kreew MC: kɣɛu 2 Attributions

    The current general word for mutuality between any number of agents is jiāo 交 which can refer to multiple mutual relations entertained or joined into by any given agent.

      Syntactic words
    • vadVmutually and in collaboration or in conflict
    互相  hù xiāng MC: huH sjang OC: ɢaas sqaŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVmutually, each other
    互  hù OC: ɢaas MC: ɦuo̝ 1 Attribution

    Hù 互 refers specifically to reciprocity of interaction between two agents, and the reciprocity of interaction must occur at the same time.

      Syntactic words
    • padVmutually, in mutual interaction
    • vtoNmathematical termCHEMLA 2003:
    更相  gēng xiāng MC: kaeng sjang OC: kraaŋ sqaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVmutually, in turnCH
    交相  jiāo xiāng MC: kaew sjang OC: kreew sqaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVtmutually Vt each otherCH
    共相  gòng xiāng OC: ɡoŋs sqaŋ MC: gi̯oŋ si̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • PPadVmutually in common > against each other; vis-a-vis each other