FREE    自由

LEGITIMATELY UNRESTRAINED in DEFINED ways.[[FREI]]
ON THE LOOSEAT LIBERTYAT LARGELOOSEUNCONFINEDUNBOUNDUNTIEDUNCHAINEDUNTETHEREDUNSHACKLEDUNFETTEREDUNRESTRAINED. UNIMPEDEDUNOBSTRUCTEDUNRESTRICTEDUNHAMPEREDCLEAROPENUNBLOCKEDFREEDOMLIBERTY
Old Chinese Criteria
See UNRESTRAINED
Modern Chinese Criteria
自由 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • FREEDOM OF SPEECH　FREEDOM to SPEAK PUBLICLY of what one THINKS. (anc: 9/0, child: 0)
  • SALVATION　BECOME FREE and PEACEFUL AND ACHIEVE ALL one's MOST IMPORTANT SUPERNATURAL ASPIRATIONS. (anc: 9/0, child: 0)
Hypernym
  • UNRESTRAINED　LACK MODERATION AND ACT CONFORMING to one's DESIRES. (anc: 7/0, child: 2)
  • LACK　SITUATION OF NOT HAVING, OR NOT to BEING-IN the UNIVERSE. (anc: 6/0, child: 48)
  • SITUATION　RELATION in which MANY HUMANS, FEATURES OR THINGS EXIST TOGETHER OR INTERACT. (anc: 5/0, child: 11)
  • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 1003

  • Liber Pater Bibl. des éicoles Françaises d'Athènes et de Rome ( BRUHL 1953) p.

  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 19.44

  • Vocabulaire européen des philosophies. Dictionnaire des intraduisibles ( CASSIN 2004) p. 341

  • De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione ( COMENIUS 1665) p. 570©

    LIBERTAS est sui juris utendi potestas.

    Conc. 1. Subjectum jure suo gaudens. 2. alieno impediri aptum. 3. Non tamen impeditum.

    Libertas nimia dicitur Licentia, nulla, Servitus.

    Axiom. Libertas omnibus grata (non omnibus utilis).

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    FREED

    libertus refers to t freed-man, with refernce to his master.

    bitertinus refers to the freed-man with reference to this independent status.

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 136A;54B

  • Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe ( KOSELLECK 1972-97) p. 2.425-542

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    LIBERTAS

  • Woerterbuch der Philosophie. Neue Beitraege zu einer Kritik der Sprache ( MAUTHNER WP 1924) p. I.514

  • Soziale Typenbegriffe ( RAAFLAUB 1981) p. 180

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 3.35

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 2.1064

  • Understanding Cultures through Their Key Words ( WIERZBICKA 1997) p. 125-155

  • The Encyclopedia of Philosophy ( BORCHERT 2005) p.

    FREEDOM, LIBERTY

  • Quiddities. An Intermittently Philosophical Dictionary ( QUINE 1987) p. 67

  • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.207

  • 觀念的對比分析 ( YANG MINGTIAN 2009) p. 167

    SVOBODA, VOLJA

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 54A

    • Words (11 items)

    自在  zì zài OC: sblids sɡɯɯʔ MC: dzi dzəi 10 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • VPibe free (and creative)
    獨  dú OC: dooɡ MC: duk 10 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabstativestate of free independence
    • vadNindependent
    • vadVindependently, without regard to others
    • vibe self-reliant; independent
    逌  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 6 Attributions

    yóu

      Syntactic words
    • vadVof his own free will all at easeCH
    • vi-V{SUFF}be free and unhampered 逌然
    • vi-V{SUFF}.adVin an easy, relaxed wayCH
    由己  yóu jǐ OC: liw kɯʔ MC: jɨu kɨ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNself-determined
    • VPiLY: flow from oneself> be on one's own authority; depend upon oneself
    自由  zì yóu MC: dzijH yuw OC: sblids liw 2 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • vadNunencumbered, freeCH
    • vibe unencumbered, be unentangled; be free to be oneselfCH
    無礙  wú ài OC: ma ŋɡɯɯs MC: mi̯o ŋəi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: non-obstruction
    委心  wěi xīn MC: 'jweX sim OC: qrolʔ slɯm 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVV freely; V according to one's mindDS
    无礙  wú ài OC: ma ŋɡɯɯs MC: mi̯o ŋəi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfigurativebe unobstructed
    得已  dé yǐ OC: tɯɯɡ k-lɯʔ MC: tək jɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe able to stop> have an alternative (See the idiom　不得已 "have no alternative")
    立  lì MC: lip  OC: ɡ-rub 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • viactfreely took his own free stand, was his own manCH
    自專  zì zhuān OC: sblids tjon MC: dzi tɕiɛn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactdo as one pleases, follow one's own devices