FORTRESS  堡壘

INTENSELY FORTIFIED BUILDING.
FORTCASTLECITADELBLOCKHOUSESTRONGHOLDREDOUBTFORTIFICATIONBASTIONFASTNESS
Hypernym
  • BUILDINGBIG ARTEFACT PRODUCED FOR HUMANS OR ANIMALS to DWELL in OR BE-IN, or MOVE ON.
    • ARTEFACTTHING PRODUCED by MAN.
      • THINGCONCRETE OBJECT.
        • OBJECT[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to....
See also
  • CAMPPLACE where an ARMY DWELLS.
    • RAMPARTTOP of CITY WALL.
      Old Chinese Criteria
      1. The general word for a fortified place smaller than a city is bǎo 保／堡.

      2. Lěi 壘 refers to a fortified military position, and this meaning is often difficult to distinguish from the usages discussed under RAMPART.

      NB: Zhài 寨 refers to an encampment with timber fortifications only in post-Han (TANG) times.

      黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
      HUANG JINGUI 2006

      WARFARE 21.

      堡，方形小土城，建於交通要道處。

      城，漢代邊塞較大的方形軍營。

      障，漢時長城沿線或險要處的屯兵小城。

      亭，邊境上可防守瞭望的小障。

      壁，始於戰國，有陡高圍牆之營壘，行於中古前。

      壘，始於戰國的野戰簡易工事，行於後世。

      砦，軍隊臨時在野外用木柵欄築成的簡易圍牆，起於中古。

      塢，四面圍以土牆的環形軍事防禦設施，盛行於三國、兩晉、南北朝的西南少數民族地區。

      碉，用於防守、瞭望的小型建築物。

      相關者：

      塞，邊界上可以據險固守的要地，始於春秋；

      隘，有細狹通道的險要處；

      關，險要的出入門戶。

      Modern Chinese Criteria
      堡壘

      壁壘

      營壘

      碉堡

      地堡

      橋頭堡

      碉樓

      rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

      • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 20.35

      Attributions by syntactic funtion

      • n : 8
      • NP : 1

      Attributions by text

      • 春秋左傳 : 5
      • 莊子 : 1
      • 呂氏春秋 : 1
      • 戰國策 : 1
      • 史記 : 1

      Words

      保  bǎo OC: puuʔ MC: pɑu
      堡  bǎo OC: puuʔ MC: pɑu 4 AttributionsWD

      The general word for a fortified place smaller than a city is bǎo 保／堡.

        Syntactic words
      • nfortified compound; permanent defensive physical arrangements
      塞  sài OC: sɯɯɡs MC: səi 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • nfortress (typically in border region or outlying region)
      壘  lěi OC: rulʔ MC: li 2 AttributionsWD

      Lěi 壘 refers to a fortified military position, and this meaning is often difficult to distinguish from the usages discussed under RAMPART.

        Syntactic words
      • nfortified military position
      武軍  wǔ jūn OC: mbaʔ kun MC: mi̯o ki̯un 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPmilitary encampment
      堡  bǎo OC: puuʔ MC: pɑu 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • nfortress, fortified place (usually written 保)
      寨  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 0 AttributionsWD

      NB: Zhài 寨 refers to an encampment with timber fortifications only in post-Han (TANG) times.

        Syntactic words
      鎮  zhèn OC: tins MC: ʈin 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • ngarrison, fortified town

      Existing SW for

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