BECAUSE    因為以

SENTENCE-CONNECTIVE to the effect that S1 is the CAUSE:reason for S2 being TRUE. [GRAMMAR]
FORSINCEASIN VIEW OF THE FACT THATINASMUCH ASOWING TO THE FACT THAT
Old Chinese Criteria
Giving reasons for a statements made, by a single appended clause giving an explanation, motivation, justification, or demonstration, turns out to be not as common as one might have thought. Yīnwéi 因為 "because" is not classical Chinese. "Brutus killed Caesar because he hated him" would become in classical Chinese "Brutus hated Caesar and accordingly/therefore he killed him." The current conceptual fields are THEREFORE and "in order to" under INTEND. The only word that "feels" anything like the English "because" is the final particle yě 也 "this was because, this is because". 1. The standard word is yǐ 以 "by reason of" which can refer to objective causes as well as subjective motivation, but never logical reasoning, and the reason adduced by this word may even be a pretext. [GENERAL]; [[vt+N.adV, vt+N.postV]] 2. Yīn 因 "on the basis of" typically refers to the basis on which something is done, and sometimes to some kind of deliberate and strategic accommodation to objective conditions. [[vtadV]] 3. Yóu 由 "be because of" emphasises the "wherefrom" of something, the objective reason from which something flows. It is rare in early texts meaning "be because", but became common at later stages of the language. [OBJECTIVE]; [[RARE]], [[vtadV]] 4. Wéi 為 sometimes introduces a reason for something that is then introduced by gù 故 "therefore" or by yīn 因 "therefore". [OBJECTIVE]; [vt+N.postS] 5. Sentence-final yě 也 often marks because-clauses, and the reason given is rarely psychological, sometimes objective, quite often logical: S 也 meaning "it is/was because of S". [[ppostS]] 6. Wéi 為 sometimes introduces a reason for something that is then introduced by gù 故 "therefore" or by yīn 因 "therefore".
Modern Chinese Criteria
因為 因 為 緣 以 坐 蓋 惟其 由於 鑒於 由 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • WHY　BECAUSE of WHAT? [GRAMMAR] (anc: 6/0, child: 0)
Antonym
See also
  • FROMBEGINING with in SPACE, in TIME.
  • THEREFOREASSUMING that the PRECEDING SENTENCE is TRUE [GRAMMAR]
Hypernym
  • CAUSE　SITUATION OR THING which CAUSES something TO HAPPEN OR to be TRUE. (anc: 4/0, child: 3)
  • THING　CONCRETE OBJECT. (anc: 3/0, child: 10)
  • OBJECT　[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to. (anc: 2/0, child: 6)
Other Hypernyms
  • CAUSEnew-a7422a39-7058-4fbe-822a-3970581fbec1　SITUATION OR THING which CAUSES something TO HAPPEN OR to be TRUE. (anc: 6/0, child: 3)
  • SITUATION　RELATION in which MANY HUMANS, FEATURES OR THINGS EXIST TOGETHER OR INTERACT. (anc: 5/0, child: 11)
  • RELATION　FEATURE of TWO OR MORE THINGS TOGETHER. (anc: 4/0, child: 15)
  • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 285

    479. Inter Quoniam et quia. Quoniam praeponitur, et sic sequentem sensum alligat, ut: quoniam dicis [ Al., dicit], dico. Quia postponitur, et superiorem sensum confirmat, ut: Scias quia didici.

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 3.902

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 514

    • Words (29 items)

    也  yě OC: lalʔ MC: jɣɛ 179 Attributions

    Sentence-final yě 也 often marks because-clauses: S也 meaning "it was because of S".

      Syntactic words
    • ppostad.npro{PRED}be because of the npro, be the 'fault' of the nproCH
    • ppostadN{PRED}命也“it is because of fate": be because of N; be because of the reason N; depend on NCH
    • ppostadSS=has explicit subject馬不進也"The horses would not move forward": "the explanation is" the fact is; the point is thatCH
    • ppostadSS=verbal陋也"it is because they are vulgar": be because of S; be a matter of S, depend on S
    • ppostadV(0)V=aimbecause the before-mentioned subject aims to VCH
    以  yǐ OC: k-lɯʔ MC: jɨ 83 Attributions

    The standard word is yǐ 以 "by reason of" which can refer to objective causes as well as subjective motivation.

      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN.)adVe.g. 楚國以安 "Chu was safe because of this": because of this contextually determinate factor
    • vt(oN.)adVbecause of this to VCH
    • vt+Nab.adVe.g. 以誹死 "die because of slander" to V because of NabCH
    • vt+V[0]be because of V-ingLZ
    • vt+V[0].adVbecause of V-ing; because one V-edCH
    • vt0oS1.adS2objective以有功見疑，"was held in suspicion because he had achievements": objective reason: because of S1 S2 occurred/will occur/occurs
    • vt0oS1.adS2subjectivee.g. 以晏短為小們"because Yan was short they built a small gate": on the (subjective) grounds that SCH
    • vt[0]oN.postadVpretexte.g. 違我以禮 "offends me on the pretext of ritual propriety: on the pretext of
    • vtoNe.g. 以尊也 "it was because he was distinguished": be because of N
    • vtoN.adVobjectivebecause of (an objective factor N)
    • vtoN.adVsubjectiveon the grounds of; because of
    • vtoN.postadVsubjective reasonto V on the grounds of N, reasoning in terms of N, on the pretexts of NCH
    • vtoNab{S}以其有辨也 "it was because they possess the art of distinguishing (between each other)": it is because S; the cause is that SLZ
    • vtoS...故because of the reason SCH
    為  wèi OC: ɢʷals MC: ɦiɛ 47 Attributions

    Wéi 為 sometimes introduces a reason for something that is then introduced by gù 故"therefore" or by yīn 因 "therefore".

      Syntactic words
    • v[0]adNPab{S}it was because of SCH
    • vt(oN.)adVV because of thisCH
    • vt0+V.adSbecause of, on account of V-ing
    • vt0oNbe because of N, do because of NDS
    • vt0oN.adVbecause of N; on N's behalf
    • vt0oN1.adN2because of 為母之故
    • vt0oS1.adS2because 為。。。所以
    • vtoNPab{S}stativebe because
    • vtoNPab{S}that is whythat is why S
    • vtoNprobe because of thisDS
    • vtoSbe because
    由  yóu OC: liw MC: jɨu 23 Attributions

    Yóu 由 "be because of" emphasises the "wherefrom" of something, is rare in early texts meaning "be because" but became very common at later stages of the language.

      Syntactic words
    • nablogicalwhat one conforms to/follows: subjective reason, reason followed in action 各有由
    • nabphysical
    • nabpsychological
    • vt+prep+N.adVV because of N
    • vt+prep+Sbe because of S
    • vtoN由S之故"be because of the reason that S", follow as a result of
    • vtoN.adV(to V) because of N
    • vtoN.postadSbecause of N
    • vtoNPab{S}socialbe because of S
    • vtoS.adVbecause of S
    • vtoS1.postS2{SUBJ}it is because of SCH
    因  yīn OC: qin MC: ʔin 21 Attributions

    Yīn 因 "on the basis of" always refers to some kind of deliberate accommodation to objective conditions.

      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN.)adVbecause of the contextually determinate NCH
    • vt(oN.)adVbecause of that; under these conditionsCH
    • vt+prep+Nbe because of N
    • vtoN.adVon the basis of 因之（以）, because of
    • vtoNPab{S}because of the state of affairs described in NPab[S]
    • vtoS1.adS2on the occasion of S1, S2 (expressing both cause and time); sometimes in the construction 因。。。次
    • vtoS1.adS2subjectivebecause
    故  gù OC: kaas MC: kuo̝ 16 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nab.post-Sobjective(denominal verb?) be objectively because (of the preceding S) NB: the 故 is predicative: "the reason being that"
    • nab.post-Ssubjectivethe subjective reason that S NB: the 故 is predicative: "the reason being that"
    • nab.post-Vsubjectivebecause of V-ing
    • nabpost-S1.adS2subjectivebecause of
    • nabpost-S1.post-S2objectiveS2 is true for the objective reason S1
    • nabpost-S1.post-S2subjectiveS2 is because of S1
    緣  yuán MC: ywen OC: k-lon 13 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN.)adVbecause of this
    • vtoNbe beause of N
    • vtoN.adVbecause of N, on the occasion of N; conditioned by N,
    • vtoS+有x故because
    • vtoS.adVbecause of/ conditioned by S (therefore V)
    • vtoS1.adS2because of S1, (therefore) S2DS
    • vtoS1.postadS2because
    自  zì OC: sblids MC: dzi 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Nbe because of N
    • vt0oS1.adS2since S1, therefore S2
    • vtoNstativebe because of N
    為故  wèi gù OC: ɢʷals kaas MC: ɦiɛ kuo̝ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadSbecause of the reason X
    從  cóng OC: dzoŋ MC: dzi̯oŋ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoN.adVbecause of
    • vtoSbe because of SCH
    是  shì OC: ɡljeʔ MC: dʑiɛ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nproanaphoricbe because of such reasons 不知問是也"It is all because they do not know how to ask questions"
    以故  yǐ gù OC: k-lɯʔ kaas MC: jɨ kuo̝ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • PP{DISCONT}adSobjectivefor the objective reason X
    • PP{DISCONT}adSsubjectivefor the subjective reason X
    • PP{DISCONT}postSobjectivebecause of X
    • PP{DISCONT}postSsubjectivefor the subjective reason X
    下  xià OC: ɢraaʔ MC: ɦɣɛ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • npost-Nfigurativeunder the influence of> because of
    由其  yóu qí OC: liw ɡɯ MC: jɨu gɨ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt+N.adSbecause of N
    通  tōng OC: kh-looŋ MC: thuŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoN(.adV)because of
    夫唯  fú wéi OC: ba k-lul MC: bi̯o ji 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • PPadS1.adS2exactly because LAO
    即  jí OC: tsɯɡ MC: tsɨk 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • padS1.adS2there was no other reason than, it was exactly because
    用  yòng OC: k-loŋs MC: ji̯oŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN.)adVand because of this; so as to
    者  zhě MC: tsyaeX OC: kljaʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • npro.post-S1:adS2SinceCH
    非  fēi MC: pj+j OC: pɯlCH 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vt Nnot be because of NCH
    侯  hóu MC: huw OC: ɡoo 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoSbe because of SCH
    唯  wéi OC: k-lul MC: ji 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vt0oNab{S}it is/was only becauseLZ
    • vt0oS1.adS2only because
    在  zài MC: dzojX OC: sɡɯɯʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNrelationalbe because of NCH
    方  fāng OC: paŋ MC: pi̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • padS1.post-S2to V only because S
    因故  yīn gù OC: qin kaas MC: ʔin kuo̝ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadSdiscontinuousbecause
    因由  yīn yóu OC: qin liw MC: ʔin jɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt+N.adSbecause of
    由於  yóu yú OC: liw qa MC: jɨu ʔi̯ɤ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt+N.adVbecause
    以其  yǐ qí OC: k-lɯʔ ɡɯ MC: jɨ gɨ 0 Attributions

    because

      Syntactic words
    • PPadS1.adS2it was because S1 that S2
    • PPadS1.postS2the reason for S2 is caused by S1
    因為  yīn wèi OC: qin ɢʷals MC: ʔin ɦiɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPpost-Sbecause