POLITE    客氣

Be APPROPRIATELY RESPECTFUL IN ACTING TOWARDS OTHERS.
WELL-MANNEREDCIVILCOURTEOUSMANNERLYRESPECTFULDEFERENTIALWELL-BEHAVEDWELL-BREDGENTLEMANLYLADYLIKEGENTEELGRACIOUSURBANETACTFULDIPLOMATIC. SEE WORD SPECTRUM. ANTONYM RUDE
Modern Chinese Criteria
客氣 禮貌 禮數 禮路兒 形跡 禮 虛禮 浮禮兒 虛套子 俗套 虛文 虛文浮禮 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • YIELD　Be POLITE, USING RITUAL MODERATION AND PERMIT OTHERS to ACT as they DESIRE. (anc: 11/0, child: 1)
  • GALLANTRY　COMMENDABLY POLITE TEASING ATTENTION, ESPECIALLY of MEN towards WOMEN, PLAYFULLY PRETENDING SEXUAL INTEREST. (anc: 11/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • ARROGANTPROUD AND TENDING to SHOW DESPISE:contempt IN-RELATION-TO OTHERS. 
See also
  • HUMBLEINFERIOR OR MORE HUMBLE IN-RELATION-TO OTHERS.
Hypernym
  • RESPECT　ADMIRE as NOBLE AND SERVE POLITELY. (anc: 9/0, child: 3)
  • ADMIRE　APPRECIATE AND DELIGHT in what one BELIEVES is MORE GOOD IN-RELATION-TO either ONESELF OR IN-RELATION-TO what is COMMON. (anc: 8/0, child: 1)
  • APPRECIATE　BELIEVE INTENSELY that something is EXCELLENT, GOOD AND IMPORTANT.  (anc: 7/0, child: 2)
Other Hypernyms
  • RESPECTnew-e376eea2-c2b2-4225-b6ee-a2c2b222257c　ADMIRE as NOBLE AND SERVE POLITELY. (anc: 14/1, child: 3)
  • ADMIREnew-0fef1e8e-f1b4-4088-af1e-8ef1b4d0882f　APPRECIATE AND DELIGHT in what one BELIEVES is MORE GOOD IN-RELATION-TO either ONESELF OR IN-RELATION-TO what is COMMON. (anc: 13/0, child: 1)
  • DELIGHT　INTENSELY GOOD FEELING IN-RELATION-TO something NOW.*The joy of the enjoyer X over something enjoyed Y. (anc: 12/0, child: 10)
  • RESPECTnew-ae28bcf5-bcea-477b-a8bc-f5bcea977bd0　ADMIRE as NOBLE AND SERVE POLITELY. (anc: 14/1, child: 3)
  • ADMIREnew-0259c801-ad59-4e76-99c8-01ad594e76a3　APPRECIATE AND DELIGHT in what one BELIEVES is MORE GOOD IN-RELATION-TO either ONESELF OR IN-RELATION-TO what is COMMON. (anc: 13/0, child: 1)
  • SOCIAL EMOTION　FEELING ENACTED IN RELATION TO OTHER HUMANS. (anc: 12/0, child: 6)
  • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 79; 1285

  • China Handbuch ( FRANKE 1974) p. 1431

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Rhetorik ( UEDING 1992ff) p. 1.1476

  • 中國文化背景八千詞 Zhongguo wenhua beijing ba qian ci ( WU SANXING 2008) p. 219ff

  • Histoire des moeurs ( POIRIER 1991) p. 3.702-766

  • Democritus Ridens ( WEBER 1857) p. 8.33

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.159:112

    CIVILITE.POLITESSE

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.13.13

    HONNETE.CIVIL.POLI.GRACIEUX.AFFABLE

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 79B

    • Words (9 items)

    賓  bīn OC: pin MC: pin 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabactritual polite reception of a distinguished guest
    • v[adN]person who is ritually polite to (the ancestors/deities)
    • vtoNtreat politely as a guest, as honoured guests
    下人  xià rén OC: ɢraas njin MC: ɦɣɛ ȵin 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactbe humbly polite and sensitive to inferiors; be ready to learn from inferiors
    禮  lǐ OC: riiʔ MC: lei 4 Attributions

    Lǐ 禮 "treat with proper yielding politeness" is marginal in this group.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 讓/YIELD The dominant general word referring to yielding politely to others or giving precedence to them is ràng 讓 (ant. líng 陵 "treat without proper respect").

      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)treat a contextually determinate person with politeness
    卑讓  bēi ràng OC: pe njaŋs MC: piɛ ȵi̯ɐŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabdispositionpolite deference
    謙卑  qiān bēi OC: khleem pe MC: khem piɛ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNhumble
    • VPiactbe self-effacing and polite
    謙  qiān OC: khleem MC: khem 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabactpolite self-deprecation
    謙順  qiān shùn MC: khem zywinH OC: khleem ɢjuns 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe properly in conformity with polite self-effacing customCH
    遜讓  xùn ràng MC: swonH -- OC: squuns njaŋs 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactbe politely deferentialCH
    修禮  xiū lǐ OC: sqlɯw riiʔ MC: sɨu lei 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt+prep+Ncultivate polite behaviour with respect to; take care to cultivate polite relations with