RUINS    廢墟

BUILDING OR BUILDINGS that have been COMPLETELY DESTROYED.
RUIN
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current standard word for ruins is xū 墟 / 虛. 2. Qiū 丘 "mound" is sometimes used periphrastically to refer to ruins.
Modern Chinese Criteria
廢墟 遺跡 芳躅 雪泥鴻爪 瓦礫 refers generally to rubble or debris and is perhaps marginal in the series. 斷垣殘壁 殘垣斷壁 斷井頹垣 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hypernym
  • BUILDING　BIG ARTEFACT PRODUCED FOR HUMANS OR ANIMALS to DWELL in OR BE-IN, or MOVE ON. (anc: 5/0, child: 23)
  • ARTEFACT　THING PRODUCED by MAN. (anc: 4/0, child: 26)
  • THING　CONCRETE OBJECT. (anc: 3/0, child: 10)
  • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 769

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 4.454

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 1132

    虛，墟

    1. WL notes that these two words are not originally homophonous in archaic Chinese.

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.343:230

    DEBRIS.DECOMBRES.RUINES

    • Words (2 items)

    墟  xū OC: khla MC: khi̯ɤ
    虛  xū OC: khla MC: khi̯ɤ 11 Attributions

    The current standard word for ruins is xū 墟.

      Syntactic words
    • n=墟 ruins
    • nadN=墟 in ruins
    • nderiveddilapidated dwellingCH
    • vichange=墟 be turned into ruins, be laid waste
    • vtoNcausative=墟 turn N to ruinsLZ
    • vtoNpassive=墟 be reduced to ruins, be laid waste
    丘  qiū OC: khɯ MC: khɨu 3 Attributions

    Qiū 丘 "mound" is sometimes used periphrastically to refer to ruins.

      Syntactic words
    • nmounds of rubble, ruins 夏之為丘"that Xià is in ruins".