LEAN ON    倚仗依

HOLD onto something so as to SUPPORT ONESELF (TYPICALLY STANDING).
REST ON/AGAINSTRECLINE ON/AGAINSTBE SUPPORTED BY
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current abstract word for leaning on anything for any purpose is yī 依. 2. Fú 扶 typically refers to leaning on something so as to remain upright or walk safely. 3. Zhàng 仗 refers to leaning sideways on small objects like swords or canes as a demonstrative act. 4. Píng 憑 refers to leaning on something for general stablility. 5. Jù 據 refers to leaning forward to use something as support. 6. Shì 恃 is sometimes used in a rather abstract and colourless way to refer to using something as physical support. 7. Yǐ 倚 is occasionally used interchangeably with yī 依 (with which it is interdefined in SHUOWEN, but the word typically refers to leaning against something rather than vertically on it.
Modern Chinese Criteria
依靠 倚靠 指靠 依傍 因依 靠 依 倚 因 乘 仗 仰 怙 恃 指 負 據 憑 賴 first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH
See also
  • RELY ONTRUST in AND USE OR CONFORM to as being PROFITABLE to one's AIMS.
Hypernym
  • HOLD　CONTROL by KEEPING IN one's HANDS. (anc: 14/0, child: 2)
  • CONTROL　INTERACT so as to CAUSE TO BE OR ACT RESEMBLE:as one DESIRES. (anc: 13/0, child: 7)
  • INTERACT　ACT so as to CAUSE ANOTHER TO REACT. (anc: 12/0, child: 14)
  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    LEAN

    fulciri refers to the propping oneself up against something in order to insure that one does not fall.

    niti refers to the leaning on something in order to climb high up or in order to move along.

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 286

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 34

    1. WL states there is a difference, but does not explain which. The fact that the words are not interchangeable in idioms does not necessarily show anything.

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 65

    1. 憑 and 任plus几underneath developed an interesting semantic differentiation. However, pre-Buddhist evidence is scarce.

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 333

    • Words (12 items)

    倚  yǐ OC: qralʔ MC: ʔiɛ 14 Attributions

    Yǐ 倚 is occasionally used interchangeably with yī 依 (with which it is interdefined in SHUOWEN, but the word typically refers to leaning against something rather than vertically on it.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNleaning> tilted
    • vilean against things
    • viacttilt, lean to one side and the otherCH
    • vt+prep+Nlean against
    • vt[oN]lean against somethingCH
    • vtoNlean (often, but not always, heavily) on; HF: lean against (a gate)
    • vtoNcausativecause to lean against
    隱  yǐn OC: qɯnʔ MC: ʔɨn 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNlean on; be bent over
    依  yī OC: qɯl MC: ʔɨi 4 Attributions

    The current abstract word for leaning on anything for any purpose is yī 依.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNlean on; lean against (a wall)
    • vtoNfigurativeinhere in, be attached to
    扶  fú OC: ba MC: bi̯o 4 Attributions

    Fú 扶 typically refers to leaning on something so as to remain upright or walk safely.

      Syntactic words
    • vt[oN]lean on things
    • vtoNlean on for support
    • vtoNfigurativelean on > rely on
    據  jù OC: klas MC: ki̯ɤ 3 Attributions

    Jù 據 refers to leaning forward to use something as support.

      Syntactic words
    • vadVleaning (against something)
    • vtoNlean against
    按  àn OC: qaans MC: ʔɑn 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNlean on (a sword); press down on
    踦  jǐ OC: kralʔ MC: kiɛ 1 Attribution

    yǐ

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNlean against; touch; knock against ?????????
    憑  píng OC: brɯŋ MC: bɨŋ
    馮  píng OC: brɯŋ MC: bɨŋ
    憑  píng OC: brɯŋ MC: bɨŋ 1 Attribution

    Píng 憑 refers to leaning on something for general stablility.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNlean on for general stability
    拄  zhǔ OC: toʔ MC: ʈi̯o 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNlean on, support oneself with
    植  zhí MC: dzyik OC: djɯɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNlean on a walking stick etc.DS
    仗  zhàng OC: daŋʔ MC: ɖi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions

    Zhàng 仗 refers to leaning sideways on small objects like swords or canes as a demonstrative act.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNlean on (sword etc)
    恃  shì OC: ɡljɯʔ MC: dʑɨ 0 Attributions

    Shì 恃 is sometimes used in a rather abstract and colourless way to refer to using something as physical support.

      Syntactic words