CHEW  嚼

BITE so as to CAUSE TO BECOME TENUOUS, OFTEN:typically INTENDing to EAT. 
MUNCHCHOMPCHAMPCRUNCHNIBBLEGNAWEATCONSUMEFORMAL MASTICATEMANDUCATE
Hypernym
  • BITECUT into something USING ONE'S TEETH.
    • CUTDISPLACE a SHARP INSTRUMENT INTO a THING.
Old Chinese Criteria
It is interesting to note that all the words below are only rarely used to mean "chew" in ancient Chinese texts. And most words seem to belong more naturally into the group BITE.

1. Jué 嚼 and jǔ 咀 are rare and late words for "to chew", but jǔ 咀 also has a more general meaning "to eat".

2. Shì 噬 focusses on intense mastication and biting into food, and the word often includes the meaning of swallowing what one has chewed intensely.

3. Yǎo 咬 merely refers to the biting into something, and secondarily the chewing over of it, but the word never refers to swallowing.

4. Bǔ 哺 is first attested in TANG and involves a very mild degree of mastication or chewing, and often includes semantically the subsequent swallowing of food.

Modern Chinese Criteria
嚼 is the current modern word for to chew.

咀嚼 jǔjué is a more literary word which has many figurative meanings.

反芻 refers to regurgitation.

倒嚼 is a more colourless term for regurgitation.

rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

    Attributions by syntactic funtion

    • vtoN : 2
    • vt[oN] : 1
    • vi.red:adV : 1

    Attributions by text

    • 荀子 : 2
    • 春秋左傳 : 1
    • 祖堂集 : 1

    Words

    咬  yǎo OC: ŋɡreewʔ MC: ŋɣɛu 1 AttributionWD

    Yǎo 咬 merely refers to the biting into something, and secondarily the chewing over of it, but the word never refers to swallowing.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNchew over, chew on undecorously; rare: HANSHU: shihuozhi, shang 易子而咬其骨 gnaw (as bones of each other's children)
    噬  shì OC: djads MC: dʑiɛi 1 AttributionWD

    Shì 噬 focusses on intense mastication and biting into food, and the word often includes the meaning of swallowing what one has chewed intensely.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNgnaw, chew (and swallow)
    噍  jiào MC: dzjewH OC: dzewsLZ 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • vt[oN]to chew thingsLZ
    𠯍  rán MC: -- OC: --LZ 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • vi.red:adVdescriptive of gluttonous chewing: self-indulgentlyLZ
    咀  jǔ OC: sɡaʔ MC: dzi̯ɤ 0 AttributionsWD

    Jué 嚼 and jǔ 咀are rare and late words for "to chew", but jǔ 咀 also has a more general meaning "to eat".

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpost-Han: chew
    呥  rán OC: njam MC: ȵiɛm 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • viactchew
    哺  bǔ OC: baas MC: buo̝ 0 AttributionsWD

    Bǔ 哺 is first attested in TANG and involves a very mild degree of mastication or chewing, and often includes semantically the subsequent swallowing of food.

      Syntactic words
    • viacthave food in the mouth, chew
    嚼  jiáo OC: dzewɡ MC: dzi̯ɐk 0 AttributionsWD

    Jué 嚼 and jǔ 咀are rare and late words for "to chew", but jǔ 咀 also has a more general meaning "to eat".

      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)chew the contextually determinate object N
    • vtoNchew

    Existing SW for

    Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database:

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