ASH    灰燼

SUBSTANCE that REMAINS AFTER a THING is BURNT. 
CINDERSASHESEMBERS
Old Chinese Criteria
[[COMMON/RARE]] [GENERAL/SPECIFIC] [LASTING/TEMPORARY] 1. The most general word for what is left of something after it is burnt is perhaps the rather rare jìn 燼, and these substances can be cold or still hot. [GENERAL] 2. Huī 灰 refers specifically to cold ashes. [SPECIFIC]; [[COMMON]] 3. Wēi 煨 refers to embers that are still very hot. [SPECIFIC], [TEMPORARY]; [[RARE]] Compare also SOOT for the dark remnants of something burnt. NB: Xiè 灺 refers specifically to what is left of candles etc after they are burnt out and came into use in Tang times (Hán Yù).
Modern Chinese Criteria
火底 灰燼 爐塵 爐灰 柴灰 煙灰 紙灰 煤灰 骨灰 燼 first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • SOOT　ASH CONTAINED in SMOKE, OR BLACK SUBSTANCE ON INSIDE WALLS CHIMNEYS. (anc: 6/0, child: 0)
Hypernym
  • SUBSTANCE　THING NOT SEPARATED into SEPARATE PARTS. (anc: 4/0, child: 28)
  • THING　CONCRETE OBJECT. (anc: 3/0, child: 10)
  • OBJECT　[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to. (anc: 2/0, child: 6)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 1.84

  • The Impact of Buddhim on Chinese Material Culture ( KIESCHNICK 2003) p. 29-51

    The history of relics in China

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 253

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 1.1338

  • 古辭辨 Gu ci bian ( WANG FENGYANG 1993) p. 83

  • Encyclopedia of Religion ( JONES 2005) p.

    • Words (7 items)

    灰  huī OC: qhʷɯɯ MC: huo̝i 16 Attributions

    Huī 灰 refers specifically to cold ashes. [SPECIFIC]; [[COMMON]]

      Syntactic words
    • nmashes
    • vichangeturn into ashes; became ashes
    舍利  shě lì OC: lʰaʔ rids MC: ɕɣɛ li 10 Attributions
    • The Impact of Buddhim on Chinese Material Culture ( KIESCHNICK 2003) p. 29-52

      "This is an excellent introduction to the important role which relics played in the history of Chinese Buddhism. Kieschnick concludes: "In the case of relic pellets (sheli), sacred power was vague and impersonal, a living source of light that could appear from nowhere and at times reproduce itself. Devotees occasionally perceived other objects such as particular Buddhist scriptures, rosaries, or other belongings of holy figures as having this same power, but these objects were not accorded sacred power as consistently as relics were. This perception of the power of relics did not spring from a more general belief in a sacred man-like force present in all things; only a very limited number of objects were conceived in this way." (p.80)

    • Le Partage des reliques du Buddha Mélange chinois et bouddhiques ( PRZYLUSKI 1936) p.

    • 宋高僧傳 Sòng gāosēng zhuàn The Song Dynasty Record of Eminent Monks Taishō ( SGSZ) p. 830c

      "There is even an account of a parrot that left behind grains of crystalline sSariira because it had been taught to repeat the name of a buddha." (KIESCHNICK 2003: 35)

    • The Legend of King Asoka ( STRONG 1983) p. 109-118

      According to Buddhist tradition, several hundred years after the death of Buddha King AsSoka collected his remains and distributed them among 84,000 stuupas.

    • The Life of Buddha as Legend and History ( THOMAS 1975) p. 160-161

    • 續高僧傳 Xù gāosēng zhuàn Continued Records of Eminent Monks Taishō ( XUGAOSENGZHUAN) p. 510a

      Story about the monk Huihai (550-606), dealing with the miraculous powers of Buddist remains, in this case healing a deseased who repented in front of the relics (see KIESCHNICK 2003: 35).

      Syntactic words
    • NPmBUDDH: relics of the Buddha or occasionally of another famous Buddhist monk; relic pellets (referring to the crystalline remains left over after cremation) SANSKRIT Śarīra
    燼  jìn OC: zins MC: zin 2 Attributions

    The most general word for what is left of something after it is burnt is perhaps the rather rare jìn 燼, and these substances can be cold or still hot. [GENERAL]

      Syntactic words
    • nmunburnable substances (also other than ashes) that remain after something has been burnt; ashes; ZUO metaphorically: leftovers (as of a country after its complete destruction)
    灰火  huī huǒ OC: qhʷɯɯ qphaalʔ MC: huo̝i hʷɑ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPmhot ashes
    灰燼  huī jìn MC: xwoj zinH OC: qhʷɯɯ zins 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPpost-Nburnt remnants of NDS
    灺  xiè OC: ljalʔ MC: zɣɛ 0 Attributions

    NB: Xiè 灺 refers specifically to what is left of candles etc after they are burnt out and came into use in Tang times (Hán Yù).

      Syntactic words
    • nmwhatever is left over after burning anything (including a candle etc)
    煨  wēi OC: quul MC: ʔuo̝i 0 Attributions

    Wēi 煨 refers to embers that are still very hot. [SPECIFIC], [TEMPORARY]; [[RARE]]

      Syntactic words
    • nmZGC: still hot ash, perhaps red-hot