ASSISTANT  助手輔

OFFICIAL who is EMPLOYED TO SERVE OR HELP ANOTHER MORE SENIOR OFFICIAL.
HELPERDEPUTYSECOND-IN-COMMANDSECONDNUMBER TWORIGHT-HAND MAN/WOMANAIDEATTENDANTMATEAPPRENTICEJUNIORAUXILIARYSUBORDINATEHIRED HANDHIRED HELP
Antonym
  • LEADCONTROL so as to CAUSE TO FOLLOW OR OBEY oneself.
    Hypernym
    • OFFICIALADULT who WORKS IN a PUBLIC OFFICE OR IN A PUBLIC FUNCTION.
      • ADULTHUMAN who is SUFFICIENTLY OLD to ESTABLISH his/her SEPARATE HOME.
        • HUMANANIMAL which HAS TWO LEGS AND LACKS FEATHERS.
          • ANIMALCREATURE ABLE to FEEL AND MOVE....
    See also
    • HELPTRY to PROFIT someone OR to CAUSE a person TO ACHIEVE something one BELIEVES is DIFFICULT for that person.
      • SERVEOBEY ENDURINGLY AND HELP someone, OFTEN:typically RECEIVING a SALARY.
        • HELPTRY to PROFIT someone OR to CAUSE a person TO ACHIEVE something one BELIEVES is DIFFICULT for that person.
          Hyponym
          • SERVANT　HUMBLE ASSISTANT in a HOME or OFFICE.
            • SLAVE　INTENSELY HUMBLE SERVANT POSSESSED by a HOST.
            • SAILOR　SERVANT who WORKS on SHIPS.
            • RETAINER　SERVANT who is PAID FOR SUPPORTING HIS EMPLOYER AND DWELLING NEAR HIS EMPLOYER.
          Old Chinese Criteria
          [ARCHAIC/CURRENT]

          [GENERAL/SPECIFIC]

          [HUMBLE/NOBLE]

          [PRECISE/VAGUE]

          [TECHNICAL-TERM/CURRENT-TERM]

          1. The most general and most current colourless word for an assistant to any official in any capacity, but often in the capacity of a sernior minister, is fǔ 輔.

          [GENERAL], [VAGUE]

          2. Chéng 丞 became especially common from Qin times onwards, and this bureaucratic term can refer to any assistant in formal employment.

          [SPECIFIC], [TECHNICAL-TERM]

          3. Fù 副 is a bureaucratic term that refers to a junior official of any kind in formal employment in Han times.

          [HUMBLE], [TECHNICAL-TERM]

          4. Èr 貳 is a standard archaic word referring to minor assistants in formal employment (ZHOULI).

          [ARCHAIC], [HUMBLE]

          5. Zuǒ 佐 refers to a person closely linked to the master and taking charge of minor practical matters, a personal servant, perhaps a secretary, but the word refers generally to a "helping hand".

          [HUMBLE]

          6. Xiàng 相 can be used to refer to an assistant at any level, or to the functions fulfilled by such an assistant. See HELP

          [SPECIFIC]

          黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
          HUANG JINGUI 2006 GOVERNMENT/LAW 7.

          副，使用最普通，幾乎可加在任何官名前表示副職。

          貳，一般單用或與他詞連用作佐官之別稱，主要用於上古。

          丞，作官名組合類詞，乃取輔助義。次、亞均排序為第二位，用於別名的副職組合： “ 次 ” 用於上古秦漢， “ 亞 ” 使用較多。

          倅，唐以後才開始作為副貳官別稱的類詞。

          簉，構成的官名別稱主要在宋代，使用較少。

          GOVERNMENT/LAW 14. 輔佐。 ACT AS ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISITANT

          輔，通稱。

          弼，通過諫諍匡正的方式而佐。

          相，力大功大之佐。翊，護衛之佐，有古雅、莊重色彩。

          佐，側重於具體事務之助。

          佑，帶有偏護意味之佐。贊，帶有開創性之佐。

          GOVERNMENT/LAW 15. 輔，上古用以泛稱輔國大臣。

          弼，上古泛稱能諫諍匡正的大臣。

          相，為君主出謀劃策、制定方針政策、總領政事的大臣，作類詞。

          佐，泛稱輔佐的重臣；也作各級官員下屬或副手的類詞。

          贊，輔助性職官的類詞，表示擔當各種具體事務的官名。

          Some terms are purely bureaucratic (chéng 丞, fù 副, èr 貳 ), others include a broader human or moral perspective and include general forms of support (xiàng 相, fǔ 輔 ).

          Modern Chinese Criteria
          助手

          副手

          副

          助理

          幫辦

          下手

          幫手

          羽翼

          臂助

          僚佐

          幕賓

          幕僚

          幕友

          師爺

          入幕賓

          老夫子

          西賓

          西席

          門客

          門下

          門人

          清客

          食客

          左右手

          膀臂 refers to a particularly reliable aide.

          股肱 (lit) refers in a dignified way to a senior advisor.

          鷹犬

          rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

          Words

          相  xiàng OC: sqaŋs MC: si̯ɐŋ 11 AttributionsWD

          Xiàng 相 can be used to refer to an assistant at any level, or to the functions fulfilled by such an assistant. See HELP

            Syntactic words
          • nhelper; assistant　十六相
          • viactact as an administrative assistant
          • vt(oN)act as an assistant to a contextually determinate person)
          • vtoNact as administrative assistant to
          • vtoNcausativemake one's assistant
          • vtoNN=humanact as assistant to 相夫子"act as an assistant to the master"
          輔  fǔ OC: baʔ MC: bi̯o 9 AttributionsWD

          The most general and most current colourless word for an assistant to any official in any capacity, but often in the capacity of a sernior minister, is fǔ 輔. [GENERAL], [VAGUE]

            Syntactic words
          • v[adN]assistant; helper; senior aide; most important minister
          • vadNassistant HSWZ 輔臣
          佐  zuǒ OC: skaals MC: tsɑ 8 AttributionsWD

          Zuǒ 佐 refers to a person closely linked to the master and taking charge of minor practical matters, a personal servant, perhaps a secretary, but the word refers generally to a "helping hand". [HUMBLE]

            Syntactic words
          • DELETEassistant in charge of small matters
          • n(post-N)(senior) assistant of a contextually determinate N
          • vtoNserve as a (senior) assistant under
          丞  chéng OC: ɡjɯŋ MC: dʑɨŋ 5 AttributionsWD

          Chéng 丞 became especially common from Qin times onwards, and this bureaucratic term can refer to any assistant in formal employment. [SPECIFIC], [TECHNICAL-TERM]

            Syntactic words
          • nassistant official
          • nadNassistant
          貳  èr OC: njis MC: ȵi 3 AttributionsWD

          Èr 貳 is a standard archaic word referring to minor assistants in formal employment (ZHOULI). [ARCHAIC], [HUMBLE]

            Syntactic words
          • nsubjectassistant
          • vadNassistant
          弼  bì OC: brɯd MC: bit 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • nassistant; minister
          副  fù OC: phɯɡs MC: phɨu 1 AttributionWD

          Fù 副 is a bureaucratic term that refers to a junior official of any kind in formal employment in Han times. [HUMBLE], [TECHNICAL-TERM]

            Syntactic words
          • nadNassistant (LSCQ)
          腹心  fù xīn OC: puɡ slɯm MC: puk sim 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • NP{N1&N2}(by extension) dedicated collaborators; helpers
          少  shào OC: hmljews MC: ɕiɛu 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • vadNjunior; assistant
          陪乘  péi chéng MC: -- -- OC: bɯɯ --CH 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPcarriage assistantCH

          Existing SW for

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