Hypernym

• BODY JUICESIMPORTANT LIQUID in the BODY.
  • LIQUIDSUBSTANCE which CAN FLOW.
    • SUBSTANCETHING NOT SEPARATED into SEPARATE PARTS.
      • THINGCONCRETE OBJECT....

See also

• SNIVELLIQUID IN the NOSE.
• WEEPREACT OR ACT by PRODUCING TEARS IN-RELATION-T0 something one INTENSELY FEELS is SAD.

Old Chinese Criteria

黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典

Modern Chinese Criteria

• A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 16.38

• Dictionnaire des Lumieres ( DELON 1997) p. 643ff

  This is a superb survey of the historical semantics of weeping in the eighteenth century. There is a concise bibliography of directly relevant works in Spanish, French, German, and English.

• 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 60

• A Russian-English Collocational Dictionary of the Human Body ( IORDANSKAJA 1996) p. 334

• Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

  LACRYMAE

• 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 29

• 東漢﹣隨常用詞演變研究 ( WANG WEIHUI 2000) p. 32

• 古辭辨 Gu ci bian ( WANG FENGYANG 1993) p. 134

• 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 587

  涕，淚，泗，洟

  1. WL claims that le4i 淚 is a character that was late to arise. But the word does come in ZGC, HF and early Han texts.

  2. Very curiously, WL omit qi4 泣 which is a common word for tears in the early period.

• 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 84

• Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 52A