Hypernym

• SADDISTRESS ARISING from BAD THOUGHTS NOW IN ONE'S MIND which CAUSE one to LACK DELIGHT:joy.NB: The words I have chosen to include in this group pose special problems of contrastive analysis. There is something irretrievably diffuse about their usage, in many cases, and in many others the number of relevant examples in the early literature is so small that it is impossible to get anything like a firm grip on their precise semantics. Under these circumstances I have tried to compensate for lack of neat analysis with more quotation, especially from Chǔcí. Throughout this section I quote my teacher David Hawkes' translations, mindful of the fact that many of these were written in the third year of his study of Chinese...
  • DISTRESSFEELING that one's SELF:own SITUATION IS INTENSELY BAD.
    • FEELINGNATURAL REACTION IN one's MIND.
      • REACTCHANGE one's THINKING OR ACTING BECAUSE one is PERCEIVING something....

See also

• MELANCHOLYDELIGHT in one's OWN SADNESS IN-RELATION-TO ALL THINGS, this SADNESS LACKING CONCRETE CAUSE, AND being CULTIVATED IN ORDER TO OBTAIN OR SHOW WISDOM:higher-sensitivity.
• WORRYDISTRESS CAUSED-BY THINKING about something PRESENT OR FUTURE, which is DANGEROUS OR DIFFICULT.

Modern Chinese Criteria

• Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

  HOPELESS

  expes refers to an objective state of being beyond hope.

  desperans refers to the subjective state of urgent desperation.

• Tolkovo-kombinatornyj slovar' sovremmenogo russkogo jazyka. Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary of Modern Russian ( Mel'cuk 1984) p. 533

  otchajanie "despair"