MELANCHOLY  憂鬱

DELIGHT in one's OWN SADNESS IN-RELATION-TO ALL THINGS, this SADNESS LACKING CONCRETE CAUSE, AND being CULTIVATED IN ORDER TO OBTAIN OR SHOW WISDOM:higher-sensitivity.
WELTSCHMERZSADSORROWFULUNHAPPYDESOLATEMOURNFULLUGUBRIOUSGLOOMYDESPONDENTDEJECTEDDEPRESSEDDOWNHEARTEDDOWNCASTDISCONSOLATEGLUMMISERABLEWRETCHEDDISMALMOROSEWOEFULWOEBEGONEDOLEFULJOYLESSHEAVY-HEARTEDINFORMAL DOWN IN THE DUMPSDOWN IN/AT THE MOUTHBLUELITERARY ATRABILIOUS
Hypernym
  • SADDISTRESS ARISING from BAD THOUGHTS NOW IN ONE'S MIND which CAUSE one to LACK DELIGHT:joy.NB: The words I have chosen to include in this group pose special problems of contrastive analysis. There is something irretrievably diffuse about their usage, in many cases, and in many others the number of relevant examples in the early literature is so small that it is impossible to get anything like a firm grip on their precise semantics. Under these circumstances I have tried to compensate for lack of neat analysis with more quotation, especially from Chǔcí. Throughout this section I quote my teacher David Hawkes' translations, mindful of the fact that many of these were written in the third year of his study of Chinese...
    • DISTRESSFEELING that one's SELF:own SITUATION IS INTENSELY BAD.
      • FEELINGNATURAL REACTION IN one's MIND.
        • REACTCHANGE one's THINKING OR ACTING BECAUSE one is PERCEIVING something....
See also
Old Chinese Criteria
In ancient China the corresponding emotion is cultivated unhappiness about the political/social state at court as cultivated by Qu Yuan and emulated by thousands of poets ever since. Qu Yuan indulges in his dolorous expatriot political and cultural desperation exactly as a kind of sweet unhappiness which provides him endless self-indulgent aesthetic flourishes and morally desperate posturings.

Modern Chinese Criteria
憂悶

愁悶

愁苦

憂鬱

抑鬱

陰鬱

悒鬱

怫鬱

郁結

幽憂

憂憤

悒悒

抑抑

怏怏

鬱鬱不樂

悶悶不樂

忽忽不樂

怏怏不樂

rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

  • Vocabulaire européen des philosophies. Dictionnaire des intraduisibles ( CASSIN 2004) p. 759

  • Dictionnaire des Lumieres ( DELON 1997) p. 698

  • Saturn and Melancholy. Studies in the history of natural Philosophy, Religion and Art ( KLIBANSKY 1964) p.

    See also the revised German version Suhrkamp 1998??, which has not so far been translated into English.

  • Symbols of Anguish: In Search of Melancholy in China (Schweizer Asiatische Studien. Monographien, Bd. 3) Schweizer Asiatische Studien. Monographien ( KUBIN 2001) p.

  • Histoire du mal de vivre ( MINOIS 2003) p.

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 5.1038

    MELANCHOLIE

  • Ästhetische Grundbegriffe ( BARCK 2010) p. 5.446

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.257.214

    CHAGRIN.TRISTESSE.MELANCOLIE

  • Encyclopedia of Comparative Iconography ( ROBERTS 1998) p. 583

Words

娛哀  yú āi OC: ŋʷa qɯɯl MC: ŋi̯o ʔəi 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • VPiactrejoice in sadness
娛憂  yú yōu OC: ŋʷa qu MC: ŋi̯o ʔɨu 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • VPiactindulge in one's worries
愁慮  chóu lǜ OC: dzriw b-ras MC: ɖʐɨu li̯ɤ 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • NPabpsychmelancholy thoughts???
憂鬱  yōu yù OC: qu qud MC: ʔɨu ʔi̯ut 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • NPabpsychmelancholy
愁  chóu OC: dzriw MC: ɖʐɨu 0 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • nabpsychmelancholy
哀娛  āi yú OC: qɯɯl ŋʷa MC: ʔəi ŋi̯o 0 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • NPabpsychmournful indulgence ???? [I'm not saying this is right. However, for the study of melancholy in China terms like these deserve close attention.CH]

Existing SW for

Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database: