MEMORIAL    奏章疏

PUBLIC LETTER ADDRESSED to a RULER.
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The most general (rare) word for a memorial is shù 疏. 2. Zòu 奏 refers to the act of submission of a memorial, from Qin times onwards specifically directed to the emperor. 2. Biǎo 表 refers in Han times to a formal request for imperial support, often in matters of funeral arrangements etc. 3. Zhāng 章 refers to a memorial of thanks. 4. Yì 議 refers to formal and often controversial contribution towards the discussion of a political issue which is at issue. 5. Shū 書 "document; letter" is sometimes used to refer specifically to a memorial to the throne. NB: The subtle distinctions between these forms of memorial are the subject of detailed discussion in Wénxīndiāolóng 文心雕龍, but the late date of this text must be kept in mind. Qǐ 啟 "expression of personal views addressed to the emperor" and zhuàng 狀 "formal accusation" are post-Han.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 GOVERNMENT/LAW10. 臣屬向君王上書。 表，起於稟明情況、陳述衷情；後世可用於進獻、推薦等。 GOVERNMENT/LAW 11. 章，起於謝恩上書、彰明帝澤；後世可用於彈劾、諷諫、告發、慶賀等。 奏，用於對一些重要問題的進言。 疏，多用於彈劾、諫議的分條陳述。 SEE: 降及七國， 未變古式， 言事於王， 皆稱上書。 秦初定制， 改書曰奏。 漢定禮儀， 則有四品： 一曰章， 二曰奏， 三曰表， 四曰議。 章以謝恩， 奏以按劾， 表以陳請， 議以執異。
Modern Chinese Criteria
奏章 本章 奏疏 章 表 本 疏 書 NB: 札子 is a note from a superior and does not belong in this group, but is listed because it is a special kind of antonym. first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH
Hypernym
  • LETTER　PRIVATE DOCUMENT FOR SENDING TO, and ADDRESSING, someone. (anc: 6/0, child: 1)
  • DOCUMENT　ARTEFACT PRODUCED FOR CONTAINING WRITING. (anc: 5/0, child: 15)
  • ARTEFACT　THING PRODUCED by MAN. (anc: 4/0, child: 26)
  • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 63

    • Words (8 items)

    議  yì OC: ŋrals MC: ŋiɛ 4 Attributions

    Yì 議 refers to formal and often controversial contribution towards the discussion of a political issue which is at issue.

      Syntactic words
    • nabtexta memorial or formal declaration
    • vtoNpropose formally, as a memorial
    表  biǎo OC: prawʔ MC: piɛu 1 Attribution

    Biǎo 表 refers in Han times to a formal request for imperial support, often in matters of funeral arrangements etc.

      Syntactic words
    • na memorial which sets forth political views
    • vtoNset forth political views in a memorial
    奏  zòu OC: skoos MC: tsu 1 Attribution

    Zòu 奏 refers to the act of submission of a memorial, from Qin times onwards specifically directed to the emperor.

      Syntactic words
    • na memorial which sets forth an impeachment
    • vtoNimpeach through a memorial
    • vtoNsend up a memorial concerning NCH
    • vtoNpassivebe submitted (a memorial)
    奏議  zòu yì MC: tsuwH ngjeH OC: skoos ŋrals 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialmemorial submissions of any kindCH
    書  shū OC: qhlja MC: ɕi̯ɤ 1 Attribution

    Shū 書 "document; letter" is sometimes used to refer specifically to a memorial to the throne.

      Syntactic words
    • nsometimes specifically: memorial submission in writing
    章  zhāng OC: kjaŋ MC: tɕi̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution

    Zhāng 章 refers to a memorial of thanks.

      Syntactic words
    • na memorial which sets forth one's gratitude
    駁  bó OC: praawɡ MC: pɣɔk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • na memorial in which political views are expressed
    • vtoNset forth a dissenting opinion (in a memorial)
    疏  shù OC: sqras MC: ʂi̯ɤ 0 Attributions

    The most general (rare) word for a memorial is shù 疏.

      Syntactic words
    • nmemorial