RELATIVE CLAUSE MARKER   

GRAMMAR []. PARTICLE marking what is construed as a postposed modifier of a nominal expression.
Old Chinese Criteria
The N that Vs　NOTE 而 AFTER NOUNS IN OBJECT POSITION.　Unmarked postposed relative clauses become more and more common from Warring States times onwards. As they are unmarked by any characters we can register, they are not easily linked into this system and are treated (as a matter of convenience) as a rhetorical device.
Hypernym
  • PARTICLE　A WORD that NOT VERBAL AND NOT NOMINAL. [NOTE THAT THE GRAMMATICAL PARTICLES HAVE NOT BEEN FOCUSSED SO FAR IN THE SYSTEM AND NO SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS HAS BEEN APPLIED SO FAR.] (anc: 12/0, child: 24)
  • WORD　SOUND IMAGE of a CONCEPT. (Leibniz, Couturat p. 432) (anc: 11/0, child: 7)
  • SOUND　WHAT CAN be HEARD. (anc: 10/0, child: 7)

Words (5 items)

而  ér OC: njɯ MC: ȵɨ 55 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • padV(postadN)+者有人於此而不知彈者"There is a man here who in incapable of V-ing" who referring back to an N mentioned in an earlier clauseCH
  • padV.postadN娶妻而美好"took a wife who was quite handsome": who
  • padV.postadNrelative clause陳言而不當"put forward words that are not fitting": which (forming a relative clause modifying the noun that precedes)
  • padV{PRED}.postN{SUBJ}:adSrelative clausee.g. 人而無信吾不知其可也"If a person lacks good faith..." (one who is N) and/but (does not V)
者  zhě OC: kljaʔ MC: tɕɣɛ 46 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • npro.postV(:postadN)a contextually determinate N which V-sLZ
  • npro.postV:postadN道可道者"the Way that can be expressed" (an N) which (V-s) 
之  zhī OC: kljɯ MC: tɕɨ 19 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • npropostN-.V+zhě臣之弒君者　“ministers who assassinate their rulers"CH
  • npropostN.-V嬰兒之未孩"a baby that has not yet smiled"　人之無良 "a person who has no goodness": restrictive relative clause marker
曰  yuē OC: ɢʷad MC: ɦi̯ɐt 2 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • vtoN1.postadN2whose name was
  Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • npro.postadN:adV zhěof the Ns such as V 臣之弒君者 ministers who assassinate their rulersCH