MORNING    早上朝

PERIOD BEFORE AND AFTER SUNRISE, BEFORE MIDDAY.
BEFORE NOONBEFORE LUNCH/LUNCHTIMETHIS A.M.LITERARY THIS MORNTHIS FORENOON
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for the morning is zhāo 朝 (ant. xì 夕 "evening") 。 2. Sù 夙 (ant. yè 夜 "night") refers generically to the early morning and is almost still a part of the night, yè 夜, since it is a time where the moon is still out. It never refers specifically to the morning of a given day. 3. Mèi shuǎng 昧爽 (ant. huáng hūn 黃昏 "dusk, or the time just after dusk") refers specifically to the time of dawn or just before dawn. 4. Píng míng 平明 refers exactly to the point of daybreak. 5. Chén 晨 (hūn 昏 "dusk") refers to the period after sunrise but before the late morning, and occasionally the word does also include the time just before sunrise. 6. Dàn 旦 (ant. xì 夕 "in the evening") refers to the morning right until sunrise, when it is already quite bright and the moon is no longer visible, thus reaching somewhat more into the day than sù 夙 and zǎo 早. 7. Xiǎo 曉 (ant. xiāo 宵 "evening") is exceedingly rare in pre-Buddhist texts and refers to the part of the morning where the sun is already shining. 8. Míng 明 (ant. míng 冥 "darkness, the dark" mù 暮 "dusk") refers to the early morning in OBI. 9. Zǎo 早 (ant. wǎn 晚 "late") is often used to refer in a somewhat diffuse way to the very early morning as the time preceding ordinary activities. DK: See Tunnan 42 for an important inscription on times of day. CH: SHIJI 55, beginning, has a nice sequence on timewords referring to parts of the day.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 ASTRONOMY 28. 夙，時間最早，雞初鳴二鳴時，文言中早晨的常稱。 夙後是 “ 晨 ” 。 晨後是 “ 旦 ” ，晝之始，使用中常常將日出前後的一段時間也包括在內。 旦後是 “ 朝 ” ，指從旦至食時的時間。 早，早晨的渾稱，口語中早的常稱。
Modern Chinese Criteria
平明 黎明 凌晨 旦 早晨 早上 早 朝 晨 早起 天光 清晨 一清早 大清早 清早 一早 大早 上午 午前 上半天 前半天 上半晌 早半天兒 前晌 前半晌 頭晌 朝陽初升 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • DAWN　EARLY MORNING, END OF NIGHT (anc: 6/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • AFTERNOONPERIOD LATE IN-RELATION-TO MID-DAY AND BEFORE EVENING. 
  • EVENINGPERIOD of DAY BEFORE one SLEEPS AND LATER:after one STOPS WORKING.
See also
Hypernym
  • PERIOD　TIME CONSISTING of a LIMITED SEQUENCE of MOMENTS. (anc: 4/0, child: 20)
  • TIME　ABSTRACT OBJECT that all EVENTS ARE-IN. (anc: 3/0, child: 11)
  • OBJECT　[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to. (anc: 2/0, child: 6)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 14.43

  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 14.44

  • 《說文段注》“渾言”“析言”在漢語詞義研究中的意義 "Shuowen Duan zhu" "hun yan" "xi yan" zai Hanyu ci yi yanjiu zhong de yiyi 杭州大學學報 Hangzhou daxue xuebao ( CHI CHANGHAI 1991) p. 162

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 28

  • 古代文化詞異集類辨考 Gudai wenhua ci yi ji lei bian kao ( HUANG JINGUI 1995) p. 309

  • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 31

  • Tolkovo-kombinatornyj slovar' sovremmenogo russkogo jazyka. Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary of Modern Russian ( Mel'cuk 1984) p. 717

  • 古辭辨 Gu ci bian ( WANG FENGYANG 1993) p. 2

  • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 350

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 19

    • Words (26 items)

    朝  zhāo OC: taw MC: ʈiɛu 28 Attributions

    The current general word for the morning is zhāo 朝 (ant. xì 夕 "evening")。

      Word relations
    • Ant: 夕/EVENING The current general word for the evening is xì 夕 (ant. zhāo 朝 "morning"), and the term refers to the period when the sun is declining and including the time when the sun has just gone down.
    • Oppos: 暮 / 莫/EVENING Huì 晦(ant. míng 明 "full morning, morning immediately after daybreak") and mù 暮 (ant. dàn 旦 "morning") refer to time when it is beginning to get dark. The focus is on reduced light conditions.
    • Oppos: 夕/EVENING The current general word for the evening is xì 夕 (ant. zhāo 朝 "morning"), and the term refers to the period when the sun is declining and including the time when the sun has just gone down.

      Syntactic words
    • n.red:adSREDUP: morning after morning > day after day
    • nabmorningCH
    • nadNmorning N
    • nadNmorning's worth of, amount accumulated in one morningCH
    • nadVtimein the morning; in the mornings
    • nccthe time when the sun is up and the moon has not yet gone down, very early morning
    • viof the sun: shine in the morningCH
    晨  chén OC: ɡljɯn MC: dʑin 10 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Ant: 昏/AFTERNOON Hūn 昏 refers to the time when dusk has set in properly. [SPECIFIC]

      Syntactic words
    • nabtimedawn
    • nadVtimeat dawn
    • viannounce morningDS
    旦  dàn OC: taans MC: tɑn 9 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Ant: 昏/AFTERNOON Hūn 昏 refers to the time when dusk has set in properly. [SPECIFIC]
    • Oppos: 夕/EVENING The current general word for the evening is xì 夕 (ant. zhāo 朝 "morning"), and the term refers to the period when the sun is declining and including the time when the sun has just gone down.
    • Oppos: 暮 / 莫/EVENING Huì 晦(ant. míng 明 "full morning, morning immediately after daybreak") and mù 暮 (ant. dàn 旦 "morning") refer to time when it is beginning to get dark. The focus is on reduced light conditions.

      Syntactic words
    • nSHI 34: (of the sun) rise; SHI 82: morning twilight; CC 150, 239: sunrise; morning; LIJI 2.67: (until) dawn; LIJI 5.56 contrasts with dusk; MENG 4B20: (wait for) the dawn; ZZ 87: in the morning (when one wakes up after dreaming); ZZ 223: (night and) sunrise
    • nadSat dawn
    • nadVat dawnLZ
    • vpostNab{S}{SUBJECT}the situation S lasted/was repeated (so and so many) morningsCH
    夙  sù OC: suɡ MC: suk 6 Attributions

    Sù 夙 (ant. yè 夜 "night") refers specifically to the early morning and is almost still a part of the night, yè 夜, since it is a time where the moon is still out. The word never refers specifically to the morning of a given day.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 夜/NIGHT Yè 夜 (ant. zhòu 晝 "daytime", and rì 日"day (when it is bright)") is the general term referring to the part of the day when it is dark, i.e. the evening and the night.

      Syntactic words
    • nadStimepoetic: early in the morning
    • nadVearly in the morning
    昧爽  mèi shuǎng OC: mɯɯds sraŋʔ MC: muo̝i ʂi̯ɐŋ 5 Attributions

    Mèi shuǎng 昧爽 (ant. huáng hūn 黃昏 "dusk, or the time just after dusk") refers specifically to the time of dawn or just before dawn.

      Syntactic words
    • NPadVat dusk
    一朝  yī zhāo OC: qliɡ taw MC: ʔit ʈiɛu 5 Attributions

      Word relations

      Syntactic words
    • NPadNwhich lasts just one morning; which lasts just a short whileDS
    • NPadVone morning> at the time defined by a contextually determinate event
    • NPadVfigurativein a momentLZ
    天明  tiān míng OC: lʰiin mraŋ MC: then mɣaŋ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabtimethe early morning when there begins to be light
    • VPadSwhen the sky becomes bright > at daybreak, in the early morning [Note that this is a sentential VP, if indeed we should regard it as a VP. CH]
    早  zǎo OC: tsuuʔ MC: tsɑu
    蚤  zǎo OC: tsuuʔ MC: tsɑu 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nearly morning
    • vadVearly in the morning
    • vi0be early in the day, be morning
    • vi0adNwhen it is early
    雞鳴  jī míng OC: kee mreŋ MC: kei mɣaŋ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • V{S}adVwhen the cock crows, at cockcrow
    來朝  lái zhāo OC: m-rɯɯ taw MC: ləi ʈiɛu 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabperiod of early next morning; early next morning
    • NPadVearly in the morning
    曙  shǔ OC: ɡljas MC: dʑi̯ɤ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nrare, CC 258, 269: (lie sleepless until) dawn, morning 一曙
    • nadSpart of dayin the morning
    • vi0it dawns (HUAINAN 3: (of the sun) rise)
    日出  rì chū OC: mljiɡ khljud MC: ȵit tɕhʷit 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabtimethe time of sunrise, sunrise
    清旦  qīng dàn MC: tshjeng tanH OC: tsheŋ taans 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPearly morning; early in the morningDS
    早朝  zǎo cháo OC: tsuuʔ daw MC: tsɑu ɖiɛu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPadSin the early morning
    夜竟  yè jìng OC: k-laɡs kraŋs MC: jɣɛ kɣaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPmorning
    晨時  chén shí OC: ɡljɯn ɡljɯ MC: dʑin dʑɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVin the morning
    平旦  píng dàn OC: breŋ taans MC: bɣaŋ tɑn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPdawn
    明  míng OC: mraŋ MC: mɣaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nthe dawn
    • nadSOBI 2: at dawn
    曉  xiǎo OC: qheewʔ MC: heu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nearly morning, including the time before sunrise
    • nadSat dawn; in the early morning
    • vibecome morning-bright
    朔  shuò OC: sqrooɡ MC: ʂɣɔk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nmorning
    清晨  qīng chén OC: tsheŋ ɡljɯn MC: tshiɛŋ dʑin 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadSIn the early morning
    晨朝  chén zhāo OC: ɡljɯn taw MC: dʑin ʈiɛu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadSIn the morning
    凌晨  líng chén OC: b-rɯŋ ɡljɯn MC: lɨŋ dʑin 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadSIn the morning
    平明  píng míng OC: breŋ mraŋ MC: bɣaŋ mɣaŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVin the early morning; at daybreak
    大采  dà cǎi OC: daads tshɯɯʔ MC: dɑi tshəi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPtimeOBI 2: ca. eight a.m.
    昕  xīn OC: qhɯn MC: hɨn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • ndaybreak