MORNING 早上朝
PERIOD BEFORE AND AFTER SUNRISE, BEFORE MIDDAY.
BEFORE NOONBEFORE LUNCH/LUNCHTIMETHIS A.M.LITERARY THIS MORNTHIS FORENOON
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for the morning is zhāo 朝 (ant. xì 夕 "evening") 。
2. Sù 夙 (ant. yè 夜 "night") refers generically to the early morning and is almost still a part of the night, yè 夜, since it is a time where the moon is still out. It never refers specifically to the morning of a given day.
3. Mèi shuǎng 昧爽 (ant. huáng hūn 黃昏 "dusk, or the time just after dusk") refers specifically to the time of dawn or just before dawn.
4. Píng míng 平明 refers exactly to the point of daybreak.
5. Chén 晨 (hūn 昏 "dusk") refers to the period after sunrise but before the late morning, and occasionally the word does also include the time just before sunrise.
6. Dàn 旦 (ant. xì 夕 "in the evening") refers to the morning right until sunrise, when it is already quite bright and the moon is no longer visible, thus reaching somewhat more into the day than sù 夙 and zǎo 早.
7. Xiǎo 曉 (ant. xiāo 宵 "evening") is exceedingly rare in pre-Buddhist texts and refers to the part of the morning where the sun is already shining.
8. Míng 明 (ant. míng 冥 "darkness, the dark" mù 暮 "dusk") refers to the early morning in OBI.
9. Zǎo 早 (ant. wǎn 晚 "late") is often used to refer in a somewhat diffuse way to the very early morning as the time preceding ordinary activities.
DK: See Tunnan 42 for an important inscription on times of day. CH: SHIJI 55, beginning, has a nice sequence on timewords referring to parts of the day.
2. Sù 夙 (ant. yè 夜 "night") refers generically to the early morning and is almost still a part of the night, yè 夜, since it is a time where the moon is still out. It never refers specifically to the morning of a given day.
3. Mèi shuǎng 昧爽 (ant. huáng hūn 黃昏 "dusk, or the time just after dusk") refers specifically to the time of dawn or just before dawn.
4. Píng míng 平明 refers exactly to the point of daybreak.
5. Chén 晨 (hūn 昏 "dusk") refers to the period after sunrise but before the late morning, and occasionally the word does also include the time just before sunrise.
6. Dàn 旦 (ant. xì 夕 "in the evening") refers to the morning right until sunrise, when it is already quite bright and the moon is no longer visible, thus reaching somewhat more into the day than sù 夙 and zǎo 早.
7. Xiǎo 曉 (ant. xiāo 宵 "evening") is exceedingly rare in pre-Buddhist texts and refers to the part of the morning where the sun is already shining.
8. Míng 明 (ant. míng 冥 "darkness, the dark" mù 暮 "dusk") refers to the early morning in OBI.
9. Zǎo 早 (ant. wǎn 晚 "late") is often used to refer in a somewhat diffuse way to the very early morning as the time preceding ordinary activities.
DK: See Tunnan 42 for an important inscription on times of day. CH: SHIJI 55, beginning, has a nice sequence on timewords referring to parts of the day.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006
ASTRONOMY 28.
夙，時間最早，雞初鳴二鳴時，文言中早晨的常稱。
夙後是 “ 晨 ” 。
晨後是 “ 旦 ” ，晝之始，使用中常常將日出前後的一段時間也包括在內。
旦後是 “ 朝 ” ，指從旦至食時的時間。
早，早晨的渾稱，口語中早的常稱。
ASTRONOMY 28.
夙，時間最早，雞初鳴二鳴時，文言中早晨的常稱。
夙後是 “ 晨 ” 。
晨後是 “ 旦 ” ，晝之始，使用中常常將日出前後的一段時間也包括在內。
旦後是 “ 朝 ” ，指從旦至食時的時間。
早，早晨的渾稱，口語中早的常稱。
Modern Chinese Criteria
平明
黎明
凌晨
旦
早晨
早上
早
朝
晨
早起
天光
清晨
一清早
大清早
清早
一早
大早
上午
午前
上半天
前半天
上半晌
早半天兒
前晌
前半晌
頭晌
朝陽初升
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
黎明
凌晨
旦
早晨
早上
早
朝
晨
早起
天光
清晨
一清早
大清早
清早
一早
大早
上午
午前
上半天
前半天
上半晌
早半天兒
前晌
前半晌
頭晌
朝陽初升
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
- A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages
(
BUCK 1988)
p.
14.43 - A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages
(
BUCK 1988)
p.
14.44 - 《說文段注》“渾言”“析言”在漢語詞義研究中的意義 "Shuowen Duan zhu" "hun yan" "xi yan" zai Hanyu ci yi yanjiu zhong de yiyi 杭州大學學報 Hangzhou daxue xuebao
(
CHI CHANGHAI 1991)
p.
162 - 韓非子同義詞研究
(
HANFEI TONGYI 2004)
p.
28 - 古代文化詞異集類辨考 Gudai wenhua ci yi ji lei bian kao
(
HUANG JINGUI 1995)
p.
309 - 論衡同義詞研究
(
LUNHENG TONGYI 2004)
p.
31 - Tolkovo-kombinatornyj slovar' sovremmenogo russkogo jazyka. Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary of Modern Russian
(
Mel'cuk 1984)
p.
717 - 古辭辨 Gu ci bian
(
WANG FENGYANG 1993)
p.
2 - Using Chinese Synonyms
(
GRACE ZHANG 2010)
p.
350 - 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典
(
HONG CHENGYU 2009)
p.
19
Words
朝 zhāo OC: taw MC: ʈiɛu 28 AttributionsWD
The current general word for the morning is zhāo 朝 (ant. xì 夕 "evening")。
- Word relations
- Ant: 夕/EVENING
The current general word for the evening is xì 夕 (ant. zhāo 朝 "morning"), and the term refers to the period when the sun is declining and including the time when the sun has just gone down. - Oppos: 暮 / 莫/EVENING
Huì 晦(ant. míng 明 "full morning, morning immediately after daybreak") and mù 暮 (ant. dàn 旦 "morning") refer to time when it is beginning to get dark. The focus is on reduced light conditions. - Oppos: 夕/EVENING
The current general word for the evening is xì 夕 (ant. zhāo 朝 "morning"), and the term refers to the period when the sun is declining and including the time when the sun has just gone down.
- Syntactic words
- n.red:adSREDUP: morning after morning > day after day
- nabmorningCH
- nadNmorning N
- nadNmorning's worth of, amount accumulated in one morningCH
- nadVtimein the morning; in the mornings
- nccthe time when the sun is up and the moon has not yet gone down, very early morning
- viof the sun: shine in the morningCH
晨 chén OC: ɡljɯn MC: dʑin 10 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Ant: 昏/AFTERNOON
Hūn 昏 refers to the time when dusk has set in properly. [SPECIFIC]
- Syntactic words
- nabtimedawn
- nadVtimeat dawn
- viannounce morningDS
旦 dàn OC: taans MC: tɑn 9 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Ant: 昏/AFTERNOON
Hūn 昏 refers to the time when dusk has set in properly. [SPECIFIC] - Oppos: 夕/EVENING
The current general word for the evening is xì 夕 (ant. zhāo 朝 "morning"), and the term refers to the period when the sun is declining and including the time when the sun has just gone down. - Oppos: 暮 / 莫/EVENING
Huì 晦(ant. míng 明 "full morning, morning immediately after daybreak") and mù 暮 (ant. dàn 旦 "morning") refer to time when it is beginning to get dark. The focus is on reduced light conditions.
- Syntactic words
- nSHI 34: (of the sun) rise; SHI 82: morning twilight; CC 150, 239: sunrise; morning; LIJI 2.67: (until) dawn; LIJI 5.56 contrasts with dusk; MENG 4B20: (wait for) the dawn; ZZ 87: in the morning (when one wakes up after dreaming); ZZ 223: (night and) sunrise
- nadSat dawn
- nadVat dawnLZ
- vpostNab{S}{SUBJECT}the situation S lasted/was repeated (so and so many) morningsCH
夙 sù OC: suɡ MC: suk 6 AttributionsWD
Sù 夙 (ant. yè 夜 "night") refers specifically to the early morning and is almost still a part of the night, yè 夜, since it is a time where the moon is still out. The word never refers specifically to the morning of a given day.
- Word relations
- Ant: 夜/NIGHT
Yè 夜 (ant. zhòu 晝 "daytime", and rì 日"day (when it is bright)") is the general term referring to the part of the day when it is dark, i.e. the evening and the night.
- Syntactic words
- nadStimepoetic: early in the morning
- nadVearly in the morning
昧爽 mèi shuǎng OC: mɯɯds sraŋʔ MC: muo̝i ʂi̯ɐŋ 5 AttributionsWD
Mèi shuǎng 昧爽 (ant. huáng hūn 黃昏 "dusk, or the time just after dusk") refers specifically to the time of dawn or just before dawn.
- Syntactic words
- NPadVat dusk
早 zǎo OC: tsuuʔ MC: tsɑu
蚤 zǎo OC: tsuuʔ MC: tsɑu 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nearly morning
- vadVearly in the morning
- vi0be early in the day, be morning
- vi0adNwhen it is early
天明 tiān míng OC: lʰiin mraŋ MC: then mɣaŋ 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabtimethe early morning when there begins to be light
- VPadSwhen the sky becomes bright > at daybreak, in the early morning [Note that this is a sentential VP, if indeed we should regard it as a VP. CH]
一朝 yī zhāo OC: qliɡ taw MC: ʔit ʈiɛu 4 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Syntactic words
- NPadNwhich lasts just one morning; which lasts just a short whileDS
- NPadVone morning> at the time defined by a contextually determinate event
- NPadVfigurativein a momentLZ
雞鳴 jī míng OC: kee mreŋ MC: kei mɣaŋ 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- V{S}adVwhen the cock crows, at cockcrow
曙 shǔ OC: ɡljas MC: dʑi̯ɤ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nrare, CC 258, 269: (lie sleepless until) dawn, morning 一曙
- nadSpart of dayin the morning
- vi0it dawns (HUAINAN 3: (of the sun) rise)
來朝 lái zhāo OC: m-rɯɯ taw MC: ləi ʈiɛu 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabperiod of early next morning; early next morning
- NPadVearly in the morning
明 míng OC: mraŋ MC: mɣaŋ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- nthe dawn
- nadSOBI 2: at dawn
曉 xiǎo OC: qheewʔ MC: heu 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- nearly morning, including the time before sunrise
- nadSat dawn; in the early morning
- vibecome morning-bright
朔 shuò OC: sqrooɡ MC: ʂɣɔk 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- nmorning
夜竟 yè jìng OC: k-laɡs kraŋs MC: jɣɛ kɣaŋ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPmorning
平旦 píng dàn OC: breŋ taans MC: bɣaŋ tɑn 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPdawn
日出 rì chū OC: mljiɡ khljud MC: ȵit tɕhʷit 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabtimethe time of sunrise, sunrise
早朝 zǎo cháo OC: tsuuʔ daw MC: tsɑu ɖiɛu 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadSin the early morning
晨時 chén shí OC: ɡljɯn ɡljɯ MC: dʑin dʑɨ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadVin the morning
清旦 qīng dàn MC: tshjeng tanH OC: tsheŋ taansDS 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPearly morning; early in the morningDS
昕 xīn OC: qhɯn MC: hɨn 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- ndaybreak
凌晨 líng chén OC: b-rɯŋ ɡljɯn MC: lɨŋ dʑin 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadSIn the morning
大采 dà cǎi OC: daads tshɯɯʔ MC: dɑi tshəi 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPtimeOBI 2: ca. eight a.m.
平明 píng míng OC: breŋ mraŋ MC: bɣaŋ mɣaŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadVin the early morning; at daybreak
晨朝 chén zhāo OC: ɡljɯn taw MC: dʑin ʈiɛu 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadSIn the morning
清晨 qīng chén OC: tsheŋ ɡljɯn MC: tshiɛŋ dʑin 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadSIn the early morning
Existing SW for
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