FORTRESS  堡壘

INTENSELY FORTIFIED BUILDING.
FORTCASTLECITADELBLOCKHOUSESTRONGHOLDREDOUBTFORTIFICATIONBASTIONFASTNESS
Hypernym
  • BUILDINGBIG ARTEFACT PRODUCED FOR HUMANS OR ANIMALS to DWELL in OR BE-IN, or MOVE ON.
    • ARTEFACTTHING PRODUCED by MAN.
      • THINGCONCRETE OBJECT.
        • OBJECT[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to....
See also
  • CAMPPLACE where an ARMY DWELLS.
    • RAMPARTTOP of CITY WALL.
      Old Chinese Criteria
      1. The general word for a fortified place smaller than a city is bǎo 保/堡.

      2. Lěi 壘 refers to a fortified military position, and this meaning is often difficult to distinguish from the usages discussed under RAMPART.

      NB: Zhài 寨 refers to an encampment with timber fortifications only in post-Han (TANG) times.

      黄金貴:古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
      HUANG JINGUI 2006

      WARFARE 21.

      堡,方形小土城,建於交通要道處。

      城,漢代邊塞較大的方形軍營。

      障,漢時長城沿線或險要處的屯兵小城。

      亭,邊境上可防守瞭望的小障。

      壁,始於戰國,有陡高圍牆之營壘,行於中古前。

      壘,始於戰國的野戰簡易工事,行於後世。

      砦,軍隊臨時在野外用木柵欄築成的簡易圍牆,起於中古。

      塢,四面圍以土牆的環形軍事防禦設施,盛行於三國、兩晉、南北朝的西南少數民族地區。

      碉,用於防守、瞭望的小型建築物。

      相關者:

      塞,邊界上可以據險固守的要地,始於春秋;

      隘,有細狹通道的險要處;

      關,險要的出入門戶。

      Modern Chinese Criteria
      堡壘

      壁壘

      營壘

      碉堡

      地堡

      橋頭堡

      碉樓

      rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH /

      • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 20.35

      Words

        bǎo OC: puuʔ MC: pɑu
        bǎo OC: puuʔ MC: pɑu 4 AttributionsWD

      The general word for a fortified place smaller than a city is bǎo 保/堡.

        Syntactic words
      • nfortified compound; permanent defensive physical arrangements
        sài OC: sɯɯɡs MC: səi 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • nfortress (typically in border region or outlying region)
        lěi OC: rulʔ MC: li 2 AttributionsWD

      Lěi 壘 refers to a fortified military position, and this meaning is often difficult to distinguish from the usages discussed under RAMPART.

        Syntactic words
      • nfortified military position
      武軍  wǔ jūn OC: mbaʔ kun MC: mi̯o ki̯un 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPmilitary encampment
        bǎo OC: puuʔ MC: pɑu 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • nfortress, fortified place (usually written 保)
        Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 0 AttributionsWD

      NB: Zhài 寨 refers to an encampment with timber fortifications only in post-Han (TANG) times.

        Syntactic words
        zhèn OC: tins MC: ʈin 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • ngarrison, fortified town

      Existing SW for

      Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database:

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