GRAIN 穀子穀
SEED of cereal PLANTS. []
CEREAL
Hypernym
- STRAWSTALKY PART of A GRAIN PLANT.
See also
- AGRICULTUREWORK IN FIELDS TO REAR USEFUL PLANTS.
Hyponym
Old Chinese Criteria
1. Gǔ 谷 / 穀 is general term for a food grain; in some local dialects, it can also refer to foxtail millet (Setaria italica).
2. Mài 麥 is a general term for wheat, barley, etc.
3. Suì 穗 refers to an ear of grain.
4. Kāng 糠 refers to husks of grain.
5. Suì 穟 refers to an awn.
6. Jǐ 穖 refers to the branches of an awn.
7. Miǎo 秒 refers to the beard of grain.
8. Gǔ 榖 refers to Broussonetia papyrifera (Shi)
2. Mài 麥 is a general term for wheat, barley, etc.
3. Suì 穗 refers to an ear of grain.
4. Kāng 糠 refers to husks of grain.
5. Suì 穟 refers to an awn.
6. Jǐ 穖 refers to the branches of an awn.
7. Miǎo 秒 refers to the beard of grain.
8. Gǔ 榖 refers to Broussonetia papyrifera (Shi)
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006
FOOD 30. 乾糧。
糧，總稱，多指行糧或流通之糧。
餱，上古至魏晉指乾飯、乾食。
糒，乾飯，始於漢。
糗，熬熟搗細的乾糧，未搗者，即是 “ 糒 ” 。諸物皆是外出所持乾糧。
FOOD 24. 糧食作物粟。
禾，最早的稱名，從植株形態而稱。
穀; ，後世作為糧食作物總稱，有時也可縮指 “ 粟 ” ，是方言、地區性用法。
粟，從粒實而稱，最通行稱名。
稷，上古專稱，有崇穀、禮神色彩。
粢，專指作宗廟祭祀的粟食。
FOOD 25. 糧食作物黍類。
黍，俗稱黃米，味美，珍貴於稷，有粘與不粘兩類；黍類總稱。
不粘者稱 “ 穄 ” ，方言中或稱 “[U+2ǎad]” 。
秬、秠，黑黍 —— 上古黍的兩個良種：
“ 秬 ” 可與鬱金香草釀酒，作重要的禮儀之物；
“ 秠 ” 是大名，其中一穀二米者。
FOOD 26. 糧食作物稻。稻，我國最早的栽培糧食作物之一，總稱。
稌、 ?? ，對稻的方言之稱，一般指粳稻。
秈，不粘之稻，雖早有而不普遍，文獻遲見。
粳，有粘性之稻，秦以後見其名。
秫、糯，是先後表粘性的形容詞，可泛稱粘性強的稻米；大約南宋時才有糯稻并以 “ 糯 ” 稱。
FOOD 27. 粟的優良品種。
粱，具不耐肥、畏濕澇等生態特點，可作粉、釀酒。
秫，粘粟。穈、芑，上古粱的兩個好品種。
高粱，也是我國古老的栽培糧食作物，似粱而高，而其生態特點與粱大異，非貴食細糧，漢以後有 “ 蜀黍 ” 等名，而不稱 “ 高粱 ” 。
FOOD 30. 乾糧。
糧，總稱，多指行糧或流通之糧。
餱，上古至魏晉指乾飯、乾食。
糒，乾飯，始於漢。
糗，熬熟搗細的乾糧，未搗者，即是 “ 糒 ” 。諸物皆是外出所持乾糧。
FOOD 24. 糧食作物粟。
禾，最早的稱名，從植株形態而稱。
穀; ，後世作為糧食作物總稱，有時也可縮指 “ 粟 ” ，是方言、地區性用法。
粟，從粒實而稱，最通行稱名。
稷，上古專稱，有崇穀、禮神色彩。
粢，專指作宗廟祭祀的粟食。
FOOD 25. 糧食作物黍類。
黍，俗稱黃米，味美，珍貴於稷，有粘與不粘兩類；黍類總稱。
不粘者稱 “ 穄 ” ，方言中或稱 “[U+2ǎad]” 。
秬、秠，黑黍 —— 上古黍的兩個良種：
“ 秬 ” 可與鬱金香草釀酒，作重要的禮儀之物；
“ 秠 ” 是大名，其中一穀二米者。
FOOD 26. 糧食作物稻。稻，我國最早的栽培糧食作物之一，總稱。
稌、 ?? ，對稻的方言之稱，一般指粳稻。
秈，不粘之稻，雖早有而不普遍，文獻遲見。
粳，有粘性之稻，秦以後見其名。
秫、糯，是先後表粘性的形容詞，可泛稱粘性強的稻米；大約南宋時才有糯稻并以 “ 糯 ” 稱。
FOOD 27. 粟的優良品種。
粱，具不耐肥、畏濕澇等生態特點，可作粉、釀酒。
秫，粘粟。穈、芑，上古粱的兩個好品種。
高粱，也是我國古老的栽培糧食作物，似粱而高，而其生態特點與粱大異，非貴食細糧，漢以後有 “ 蜀黍 ” 等名，而不稱 “ 高粱 ” 。
Modern Chinese Criteria
穀子
五穀
麥
麥子
小麥
麥
麥子
大麥
春大麥
冬麥
冬小麥
春麥
春小麥
元麥
青稞
稞麥
裸麥
first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH
五穀
麥
麥子
小麥
麥
麥子
大麥
春大麥
冬麥
冬小麥
春麥
春小麥
元麥
青稞
稞麥
裸麥
first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH
- A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages
(
BUCK 1988)
p.
8.44 - A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages
(
BUCK 1988)
p.
8.42 - 古代文化詞異集類辨考 Gudai wenhua ci yi ji lei bian kao
(
HUANG JINGUI 1995)
p.
834 - 論衡同義詞研究
(
LUNHENG TONGYI 2004)
p.
80 - Lateinische Synonymik
(
MENGE)
p.
274 - 中國文化背景八千詞 Zhongguo wenhua beijing ba qian ci
(
WU SANXING 2008)
p.
171 - A New Dictionary of Classical Greek Synonyms
(
T.W.HARBSMEIER 2004)
p.
no. 60 - Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung
(
FRANKE 1989)
p.
96B
Words
穀 gǔ OC: kooɡ MC: kuk
谷 gǔ OC: klooɡ MC: kuk 22 Attributions
Gǔ 谷/穀 is general term for a food grain; (in some local dialects, it can also refer to foxtail millet (Setaria italica)).
- Syntactic words
- nmgrain; cereal; salary in cereal 榖不可勝食
- nmpost-V{NUM}varieties of grain'
五穀 wǔ gǔ OC: ŋaaʔ kooɡ MC: ŋuo̝ kuk 14 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- NPmthe five kinds of grain
麥 mài OC: mrɯɯɡ MC: mɣɛk 10 Attributions
Mài 麥 is a general term for wheat, barley, etc.
- Syntactic words
- nmwinter wheat; wheat; dry grain
禾稼 hé jià OC: ɡool kraas MC: ɦʷɑ kɣɛ 8 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- NPmgrain
稼 jià OC: kraas MC: kɣɛ 6 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nmgrain; grain crop
粢盛 zī shèng OC: sti djeŋs MC: tsi dʑiɛŋ 6 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- NPmgrain for sacrificial use
粢 zī OC: sti MC: tsi 5 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nmgeneral word for grains, especially coarse grain; grain used for sacrificing
糠 kāng OC: khlaaŋ MC: khɑŋ 3 Attributions
Kāng 糠 refers to husks of grain.
- Syntactic words
- nabfigurativehusk
- nmhusk of grain; bran; chaff
五種 wǔ zhǒng MC: nguX tsyowngX OC: ŋaaʔ tjoŋʔCH 3 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- NP=五穀 the five kinds of grain： 稻，黍，麥，菽，稷CH
秬 jù OC: ɡaʔ MC: gi̯ɤ 2 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nblack millet
- nmadNmade of black millet
稻粱 dào liáng MC: dawX ljang OC: ɡ-luuʔ k-raŋLZ 2 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- NPexquisite cereals, representing delicious foodLZ
粟米 sù mǐ MC: sjowk mejX OC: soɡ miiʔLZ 2 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- NPmgrain of all kindsLZ
穛 zhuō OC: tsreewɡ MC: ʈʂɣɔk 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- nmprematurely cut grain; grain which is cut when still green
麰 móu OC: mu MC: mɨu 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- nbarley
穀米 gǔ mǐ OC: kooɡ miiʔ MC: kuk mei 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- NPmgrain (including rice)
胡麻 hú má OC: ɡaa mraal MC: ɦuo̝ mɣɛ 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- NPmsesame seed
稷 jì 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- nmgrain; wheatCH
稻梁 dào liáng MC: dawX ljang OC: ɡ-luuʔ k-raŋLZ 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- NPexquisite cerealsLZ
麰麥 móu mài MC: mjuw meak OC: mu mrɯɯɡCH 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- NPmbarleyCH
朮 Click here to add pinyin OC: MC: 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nglutinous millet
榖 gǔ OC: kooɡ MC: kuk 0 Attributions
Gǔ 榖 refers to Broussonetia papyrifera (Shi)
- Syntactic words
- nmBroussonetia papyrifera
稈 gǎn OC: kaanʔ MC: kɑn 0 Attributions
stalk of grain
- Syntactic words
- nstalk of grain
秅 chá OC: brlaa MC: ɖɣɛ 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- na certain number of sheaves of grain (YILI)
秒 miǎo OC: mewʔ MC: miɛu 0 Attributions
Miǎo 秒 refers to the beard of grain.
- Syntactic words
- nbeard of grain
秸 jiá OC: kriid MC: kɣɛt 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- ngrain stalk
稰 xǔ OC: sqaʔ MC: si̯ɤ
稰 xū OC: sqa MC: si̯ɤ 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nmgrain???
稺 zhì OC: rlis MC: ɖi 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nmyoung grain
穅 kāng MC: khang OC: khlaaŋ 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nchaff; husks of grain (ZHUANG)
稑 lù OC: ɡ-ruɡ MC: luk 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- ngrain sown late and ripening early
穎 yǐng OC: ɢʷleŋʔ MC: jiɛŋ 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nouter husk of an ear of grain
穗 suì OC: sɢʷids MC: zi 0 Attributions
Suì 穗 refers to an ear of grain.
- Syntactic words
- near of grain
穜 tóng OC: dooŋ MC: duŋ 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- ngrain sown late and ripening early (ZHOULI)
穖 jǐ OC: kɯlʔ MC: kɨi 0 Attributions
Jǐ 穖 refers to the branches of an awn.
- Syntactic words
- nstem in an ear of grain
穟 suì OC: sɢluds MC: zi 0 Attributions
Suì 穟 refers to an awn.
- Syntactic words
- near of grain; ripe grain
粮 Click here to add pinyin OC: MC: 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- ngrain (SHUOWEN)
總 zǒng OC: skooŋʔ MC: tsuŋ 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- ngrain in bundles ??? (SHU)
芒 máng OC: maaŋ MC: mɑŋ 0 Attributions
Máng 芒 refers to an awn on the husk of wheat or rice.
- Syntactic words
- nbeard of grain
鞂 jiá OC: kriid MC: kɣɛt 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nstalk of grain ??
Existing SW for
Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database: