ALREADY  已經已

NOW AND NOT ONLY LATER IN-RELATION-TO. 
Antonym
  • NOTBE CONTRARY to what is SAID in the WORDS that FOLLOW.
    Hypernym
    • NOWMOMENT BETWEEN PAST AND FUTURE.
      • MOMENTPOINT of TIME OR INTENSELY SHORT TIME.
        • TIMEABSTRACT OBJECT that all EVENTS ARE-IN.
          • OBJECT[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to....
      Old Chinese Criteria
      [GENERAL/SPECIFIC]

      1. Yǐ 已 (ant. wèi 未 "not yet") is the general current word for "already", and this word can precede nominal predicates ( 在位已十年矣 "for already 10 years" analysed as vadN), jì 既 cannot be so used.

      [GENERAL]

      2. Jì 既 (ant. wèi 未 "not yet") is limited to subordinate clauses, yǐ 已 has no such limitations of distribution in this respect. Jì 既 can only be used in front of VPs expressing a clearly concluded development which the word declares to have been completed; yǐ 已 can also mark that something has already STARTED. See also AFTERWARDS

      [SPECIFIC]

      Modern Chinese Criteria
      已經

      已然 (lit) is a highly literary variant for 已經.

      曾經

      業經

      業已

      早已

      早就

      久已

      既已

      已

      曾

      就

      既

      都

      first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH/

      Words

      已  yǐ OC: k-lɯʔ MC: jɨ 63 AttributionsWD

      Yǐ 已 (ant. wèi 未 "not yet") is the general current word for "already", and this word can precede nominal predicates (在位已十年矣 "for already 10 years" analysed as vadN), jì 既 cannot be so used. [GENERAL]

        Word relations
      • Ant: 且/IMMEDIATELY The most current and general word referring to something being about to happen in the immediate future is qiě 且

        Syntactic words
      • vadV.postN{SUBJ}:adSafter, once (one) already has V-ed, after one has V-ed 以死誰懟
      • vadVfuture(will) already
      • vadVpastmarker of V as perfective; already in the past (occasionally without final yǐ 矣); beforehand
      • vadVpresentby this time, already; after; after a while
      • vpostadV.adS＝矣 already
      既  jì OC: kɯds MC: kɨi 14 AttributionsWD

      Jì 既 (ant. wèi 未"not yet") is limited to subordinate clauses, yǐ 已 has no such limitations of distribution in this respect. Jì 既 can only be used in front of VPs expressing a clearly concluded development which the word declares to have been completed; yǐ 已 can also mark that something has already STARTED. See also AFTERWARDS [SPECIALISED]

        Syntactic words
      • vadNP{PRED}NP=timealready
      • vadValready
      • vadV.adNthe already V-ing NCH
      早  zǎo OC: tsuuʔ MC: tsɑu 7 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • vadVcolloquialalready; already from the start
      既以  jì yǐ OC: kɯds k-lɯʔ MC: kɨi jɨ 4 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • PPadS1.adS2having already
      都  dū OC: k-laa MC: tuo̝ 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • padValready (when first attested?)
      固  gù OC: kaas MC: kuo̝ 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • vadVcertainly already 固聞之
      以  yǐ MC: yiX OC: k-lɯʔLZ 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • vadV= yi3 已: alreadyLZ
      自  zì OC: sblids MC: dzi 1 AttributionWD
      • 唐五代語言詞典 Táng Wǔdài yǔyán cídiǎn A Dictionary of the Language of the Tang and Five Dynasties Periods ( JIANG/CAO 1997) p. 461, #3

        Syntactic words
      • padVcolloquialTang colloquial: already (Tang poetry)
      既已  jì yǐ MC: kj+jH yiX OC: kɯds k-lɯʔCH 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • PPadValreadyCH
      訖  qì OC: kɯd MC: kɨt 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • vpostS1.adS2post-Han: S1 having finished, S2
      業已  yè yǐ OC: ŋab k-lɯʔ MC: ŋi̯ɐp jɨ
      業以  yè yǐ OC: ŋab k-lɯʔ MC: ŋi̯ɐp jɨ 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • PPadVHan dynasty: already
      先  xiān OC: sɯɯn MC: sen 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • vadV

      Existing SW for

      Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database:

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