MILK    牛奶乳

LIQUID DEVELOPED IN the BREAST of FEMALES, which CAN NOURISH their CHILDREN.
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The word for milk is rǔ 乳, but milk was not an important element of Chinese culture, and the earliest isolated occurrence of the word is in SHIJI.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 FOOD 44. 乳製品。 乳，總稱。 奶，後起口語詞，指乳汁。 湩，馬奶酒。酪，酸漿、酸奶汁。 酥, 酪的表皮部分，奶中提煉的脂肪。 醍醐，酥酪中提煉出來的奶油。
Modern Chinese Criteria
牛奶 羊奶 煉乳 酸牛奶 first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH
Hypernym
  • LIQUID　SUBSTANCE which CAN FLOW. (anc: 5/0, child: 9)
  • SUBSTANCE　THING NOT SEPARATED into SEPARATE PARTS. (anc: 4/0, child: 28)
  • THING　CONCRETE OBJECT. (anc: 3/0, child: 10)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 5.86

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 2.2318

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 92A

    • Words (5 items)

    乳  rǔ OC: njoʔ MC: ȵi̯o 6 Attributions

    The word for milk is rǔ 乳, but milk was not an important element of Chinese culture, and the earliest isolated occurrence of the word is in SHIJI.

      Syntactic words
    • nmmilk
    牛乳  niú rǔ OC: ŋɯ njoʔ MC: ŋɨu ȵi̯o 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPmbuffalo milk
    醐  hú OC: ɡaa MC: ɦuo̝ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nmcream, (clarified) butter
    醍醐  tí hú OC: ɡ-lee ɡaa MC: dei ɦuo̝ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPclarified butter
    湩  dòng OC: tooŋs MC: tuŋ
    湩  zhòng OC: toŋs MC: ʈi̯oŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nmmilk