PARTICLE 虛詞虛辭
A WORD that NOT VERBAL AND NOT NOMINAL. [NOTE THAT THE GRAMMATICAL PARTICLES HAVE NOT BEEN FOCUSSED SO FAR IN THE SYSTEM AND NO SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS HAS BEEN APPLIED SO FAR.]
Old Chinese Criteria
THIS IS JUST A PLACE-HOLDER
Hyponym
- EXCLAMATORY PARTICLE PARTICLE USED FOR EMPHASISING. [NOTE THAT THE GRAMMATICAL PARTICLES HAVE NOT BEEN FOCUSSED SO FAR IN THE SYSTEM AND NO SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS HAS BEEN APPLIED SO FAR.] (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
- FINAL PARTICLES PARTICLE USED at the END of a SENTENCE. [NOTE THAT THE GRAMMATICAL PARTICLES HAVE NOT BEEN FOCUSSED SO FAR IN THE SYSTEM AND NO SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS HAS BEEN APPLIED SO FAR.] (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
- PASSIVE MARKER WORD WHICH SHOWS PASSIVE FUNCTION. [NOTE THAT THE GRAMMATICAL PARTICLES HAVE NOT BEEN FOCUSSED SO FAR IN THE SYSTEM AND NO SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS HAS BEEN APPLIED SO FAR.] (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
- PLURAL SUFFIXES SYMBOL of QUANTITY of MANY. (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
- SINCE In the FUTURE IN-RELATION-TO a DEFINED MOMENT [[GRAMMAR]] (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
- SOME MORE IN-RELATION-TO NONE. (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
- SUFFIX NON-FREE MORPHEME ATTACHING AT THE END OF A WORD. GRAMMAR [] (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
- THENnew-ba9e12b2-ce99-4036-9e12-b2ce993036b2 ASSUMING FOR ARGUMENT that the PRECEDING SENTENCE IS TRUE. Contrast THEREUPON. (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
- THEREFORE ASSUMING that the PRECEDING SENTENCE is TRUE [GRAMMAR] (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
- TOPIC MARKER PARTICLE:MARKER OF TOPIC (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
- OBJECT MARKER PARTICLE that SHOWS that something is the grammatical OBJECT. [] (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
- INTERROGATORY PARTICLES QUESTION PARTICLE. [] GRAMMAR PRELIMINARY ENTRY (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
- GENITIVE PARTICLES ???? (anc: 13/0, child: 1)
- NOMINALISER PARTICLE CAUSING something to BECOME NOUN:nominal. GRAMMAR[] (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
- RELATIVE CLAUSE MARKER GRAMMAR []. PARTICLE marking what is construed as a postposed modifier of a nominal expression. (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
- WHICH [GRAMMAR] (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
- VERBAL SUFFIX [GRAMMAR]GRAMMAR[] (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
- ON BE-IN ABOVE. (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
- CLASSIFIERS NUMBER MARKER FOR COUNTED THINGS. [[THIS HAS TO BE MOVED AND REVISED. ]] (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
- MODAL MODIFIERS [NOTE THAT THE GRAMMATICAL PARTICLES HAVE NOT BEEN FOCUSSED SO FAR IN THE SYSTEM AND NO SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS HAS BEEN APPLIED SO FAR.] (anc: 13/0, child: 1)
- PREFIXES GRAMMAR [NOTE THAT THE GRAMMATICAL PARTICLES HAVE NOT BEEN FOCUSSED SO FAR IN THE SYSTEM AND NO SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS HAS BEEN APPLIED SO FAR.] (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
- QUESTION PARTICLES GRAMMAR [][NOTE THAT THE GRAMMATICAL PARTICLES HAVE NOT BEEN FOCUSSED SO FAR IN THE SYSTEM AND NO SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS HAS BEEN APPLIED SO FAR.] (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
- WEAK VERBAL SUFFIX [GRAMMAR][NOTE THAT THE GRAMMATICAL PARTICLES HAVE NOT BEEN FOCUSSED SO FAR IN THE SYSTEM AND NO SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS HAS BEEN APPLIED SO FAR.] (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
- IMPERATIVE MARKER PARTICLE MARKING COMMAND. [NOTE THAT THE GRAMMATICAL PARTICLES HAVE NOT BEEN FOCUSSED SO FAR IN THE SYSTEM AND NO SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS HAS BEEN APPLIED SO FAR.] (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
Hypernym
Words (24 items)
之 zhī MC: tsyi OC: kljɯ 19 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- pinversion marker, as in 何罪之有DS
- ppoeticparticle without grammatical function, poetic filler in a part of a line that is regularly filled with a variety of grammatical particles in adjacent linesCH
- ppostNab{Vi}.adVisuperlativeused in superlative constructions, like “之又”DS
個 gè OC: kaals MC: kɑ
箇 gè OC: kaals MC: kɑ 19 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nc1ad:V{NUM}+.nc2+Nclassifierduplicate idiomatic colloquial classifier
- ncc(post-V{NUM}.)+Nclassifiergeneral classifier (since the Tang) with omitted numeral 一
- ncc(post-V{NUM}.)+NN=humgeneral classifier (since the Tang) with omitted numeral 一
- ncc(post-V{NUM}.)+NN=nonhuclassifier
- ncpost-npro.+NN1=progeneral classifier preceded by a demonstrative pronoun
- ncpost-V{NUM}(.+N)classifiergeneral classifier (since the Tang) with omitted contextually determinate N or with the N preposed and topicalized)
- ncpost-V{NUM}.+Nclassifiergeneral classifier from the Tang period onwards
- ncpost-V{NUM}.post-Nclassifierclassifer for arrrows etc, written with the simplified character lacking in BIG5
底 dǐ OC: tiilʔ MC: tei 12 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- ppostadN1(.adN2)marker of exocentric construction in which N1 modifies a contextually determinate N2
- ppostadV(.adN)nominalisernominalizing particle (the one who...; what is V) (this vernacular particle appeared during the Tang)
- ppostadVV=verbal phraseparticle giving emphasis to a (complex) verbal phrase
箇 gè OC: kaals MC: kɑ 9 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- ncc(post-npro.)+NN1=progeneral classifier (with a contextually determinate demonstractive pronoun)
- ncc(post-V{NUM}.)+Ngeneral classifier (Song dyn.) (with deleted numeral 一)
- ncc(post-V{NUM}.)+NN=nonhugeneral classifier (with deleted numeral and with inanimate N); seems occasionally to have a function similar to a indefinite article
- ncpost-npro(.+N)N1=progeneral classifier postposted to a demonstrative pronoun (with contextually determinate N2)
- ncpost-V{NUM}.+Nmeasure word
而 ér OC: njɯ MC: ȵɨ 6 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- padV.postnpro{Q}奚而不喪 "why did he not lose control [of his state]?"
- padV1.post-V2兼而愛之 "to take loving care of them all equally": particle between a deverbal adverb and the predicateLZ
思 sī OC: snɯ MC: sɨ 5 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- padSsentence-initial euphonic particle in SHI
- ppostadSsentence-final euphonic particle in SHILZ
- ppostN. Vsentence-internal euphonic particle in SHILZ
匹 pǐ OC: phid MC: phit 4 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- ncpost-V{NUM}.post-Nclassifierclassifier for horses
- nc{PRED}post-V{NUM}counting noun for horses and oxen
聿 yù OC: p-lud MC: jʷit 3 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- padVpre-classical particle with unclear meaning
頭 tóu OC: doo MC: du 3 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- ncpost-V{NUM}.+Nclassifierclassifier for large domestic animals such as buffalos and donkeys
伊 yī MC: 'jij OC: qlil 3 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- p Spoeticsentence initial particle announcing emotional reactionCH
言 yán MC: ngjon OC: ŋan 2 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- ppostadV1.adV2sentence-internal euphonic particle in SHILZ
載 zài OC: sklɯɯs MC: tsəi 2 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- padVarchaic particle of indeterminate meaning
首 shǒu OC: qhljuʔ MC: ɕɨu 2 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- ncpost-V{NUM}.+Nclassifierclassifier for rhyming documents such as poems
乎 hū MC: hu OC: ɢaa 2 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- ppostV. Nempty filler particle with no semantic function, used in certain positions in poetryCH
斯 sī OC: sqe MC: siɛ 2 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- padVSHI: particle as if without specific meaning
於 yú yū MC: 'jo OC: qa 2 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- pfiller particle without semantic functionCH
轉 zhuǎn OC: tonʔ MC: ʈiɛn 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- ncpost-V{NUM}.+Nclassifierclassifier for speech act 一轉話
鐺 chēng OC: sthraaŋ MC: ʈʂhɣaŋ 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- ncpost-V{NUM}.+Nclassifierclassifier: a frying pan with N; a griddle of N
隻 zhī OC: tjeɡ MC: tɕiɛk 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- ncpost-V{NUM}.+Nclassifierclassifier (for dices,...) 三集投子
其 qí MC: gi OC: ɡɯ 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- pparticle without grammatical function, poetic filler in a part of a line that is regularly filled with a variety of grammatical particles in adjacent linesCH
具 jù OC: ɡos MC: gi̯o 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- ncpost-V{NUM}.post-Nnominal classifier (for coffins, etc.)
口 kǒu OC: khooʔ MC: khu 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- ncpost-V{NUM}.+Nquantifierx-mouthful of N
株 zhū OC: to MC: ʈi̯o 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- ncpost-V{NUM}.+Nclassifierclassifier for trees
條 tiáo OC: ɡ-lɯɯw MC: deu 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- ncpost-V{NUM}.+Nclassifierclassifier: item of (with abstract nouns)