ENVY  羨慕羨

SOCIAL EMOTION: HATE someone BECAUSE one LACKS something GOOD which that OTHER PERSON HAS.
BE ENVIOUS OFBE JEALOUS OFBEGRUDGEBE RESENTFUL OF
Antonym
  • ADMIREAPPRECIATE AND DELIGHT in what one BELIEVES is MORE GOOD IN-RELATION-TO either ONESELF OR IN-RELATION-TO what is COMMON.
    Hypernym
    • SOCIAL EMOTIONFEELING ENACTED IN RELATION TO OTHER HUMANS.
      • FEELINGNATURAL REACTION IN one's MIND.
        • REACTCHANGE one's THINKING OR ACTING BECAUSE one is PERCEIVING something.
          • CHANGEEVENT involving two MOMENTS t1 and t2, such that a THING at the MOMENT t1 is DIFFERENT FROM that THING at the MOMENT t2....
    See also
    • HATEENDURING ANGER AND DESIRE to HARM.
      Hyponym
      • JEALOUS　ENVY ANOTHER PERSON for a RELATION of FRIENDSHIP OR LOVE IN-RELATION-TO an OTHER:third PERSON.
        Old Chinese Criteria
        1. The most current general word for the positive aspects envy is probably xiàn 羨 (ant. dù 妒 "resentful envy"), but this word rarely has negative overtones of dissatisfaction and is often close in meaning to "admiration". See ADMIRE.

        2. The rare usage of the word lián 憐 which normally means "to pity", to mean "envy" has no strong overtones of objective admiration.

        NB: for dù 妒 etc. see HATE and JEALOUS. It is difficult to find a general word for envy as a negative attitude without that element of hatred and resentment in pre-Buddhist China.

        Modern Chinese Criteria
        羨慕

        慕

        愛慕

        欣羨

        歆羨

        艷羨

        稱羨

        嘆羨

        眼饞

        眼熱

        眼紅

        紅眼

        rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

        • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 16.44

        • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 91

          ZELUS, INVIDIA

          610. Cujus auctoris sit versus Graecus incertum.

          -- Invidiae autem. Cic., Tusc. III.

          -- Illud. Actii ex Menalippo, sed detruncatus versus, qui apud Ciceronem ita legitur: Florem quisnam liberum invidit meum?

          [col. 70C] Apud Non., dict. Invidiae: Unde aut quis mortalis florem liberum invidit meum?

          Trochaicis numeris.

          ]

          610. Inter Zelum et invidiam. Zelus interdum et in bonam partem accipi potest, cum quis nititur ea quae [col. 70B] meliora sunt aemulari; invidia vero, ut dictum est, aliena felicitate torquetur, et in duplicem scinditur passionem, cum aut quod ipse est aliud esse 76 non vult, aut alium videns esse meliorem, dolet se non esse consimilem. Pulchre autem quidam Graecum versum transferens elegiaco metro, de Invidia lusit dicens: Justius invidia nihil est, quae protinus ipsum

          Auctorem rodit, excruciatque animum.

          Invidiae autem nomen dictum est a nimis intuendo felicitatem [ Cicer. fortunam] alterius, ut est illud: Quisnam florem invidit meum?

          300. Etymolog. lib. X, littera I.

          Ibid. In Ms. Barthii: Feliciori invidet, et sibi nocet. Invidiosus, qui ab aliquo patitur malum. Legit Barthius: qui ab aliquo petitur malo. Mox, ibid., bonis pro bonus, et Barthius interpretatur, bonis abundans, locuples. [AREV.]

          ]

          300. Inter Invidum et invidiosum, quod invidus feliciori invidet, invidiosus autem is est [ Al. idem est] qui ab alio patitur invidiam [ Al. malum]. Nihil autem honestum, quod non invidiosum. Nemo quippe invidet misero; quis autem bonus et non invidiosus?

        • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

          ENVY

          invidia refers to a temporary state of envy, whether active, as that which a man harbours, or passive, as a state in which a man stands.

          invidentia is Cicero's term for the kind of envy which a man harbours.

          malignitas is a permanent inclination towards envy of others.

          obtrectatio refers to a course of action motivated by envy, or a manner of action motivated by envy directed towards a rival.

        • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 78

        • Semantica del Griego Antiguo ( HERNANDEZ 2000) p. 71n19

        • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

          ENVY

        • Dictionnaire explicatif et combinatoire du francais contemporain, vol. I ( Mel'cuk I) p. 99

        • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 6.695

          NEID

        • Democritus Ridens ( WEBER 1857) p. 5.182

        • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.73:50

          ENVIER.PORTER ENVIE

        • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.227

        • Encyclopedia of Comparative Iconography ( ROBERTS 1998) p. 281

        • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 50A

        Words

        嫉妒  jí dù OC: dzid k-laas MC: dzit tuo̝ 13 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • NPabpsychenvy; jealousy
        • VPadNenvious; characterised by envy
        • VPtoNenvy
        • vt[oN]be full of envy
        憐  lián OC: riin MC: len 5 Attributions

        The rare usage of the word lián 憐 which normally means "to pity", to mean "envy" has no strong overtones of objective admiration.

          Syntactic words
        • vtoNenvy
        羨  xiàn MC: -- OC: ljans 1 Attribution

        The most current general word for the positive aspects envy is probably xiàn 羨 (ant. dù 妒 "resentful envy"), but this word rarely has negative overtones of dissatisfaction and is often close in meaning to "admiration". See ADMIRE.

          Syntactic words
        • vtoNadmire and envy (without negative overtones)
        • vtoNab{S}envy and admire the SUBJECT'S PREDICATING
        妒嫉  dù jí OC: dzid MC: tuo̝ dzit 1 Attribution
          Syntactic words
        • NPabpsychenvy; jealousy
        嫉  zì OC: dzids MC: dzi
        嫉  jí OC: dzid MC: dzit 0 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNN=humbe envious of (and resent)
        • vtoNN=nonhube envious of (something someone else has)
        慕  mù OC: maaɡs MC: muo̝ 0 Attributions
          Syntactic words
        • vtoNenvy

        Existing SW for

        Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database: