ASSISTANT    助手輔

OFFICIAL who is EMPLOYED TO SERVE OR HELP ANOTHER MORE SENIOR OFFICIAL.
HELPERDEPUTYSECOND-IN-COMMANDSECONDNUMBER TWORIGHT-HAND MAN/WOMANAIDEATTENDANTMATEAPPRENTICEJUNIORAUXILIARYSUBORDINATEHIRED HANDHIRED HELP
Old Chinese Criteria
[ARCHAIC/CURRENT] [GENERAL/SPECIFIC] [HUMBLE/NOBLE] [PRECISE/VAGUE] [TECHNICAL-TERM/CURRENT-TERM] 1. The most general and most current colourless word for an assistant to any official in any capacity, but often in the capacity of a sernior minister, is fǔ 輔. [GENERAL], [VAGUE] 2. Chéng 丞 became especially common from Qin times onwards, and this bureaucratic term can refer to any assistant in formal employment. [SPECIFIC], [TECHNICAL-TERM] 3. Fù 副 is a bureaucratic term that refers to a junior official of any kind in formal employment in Han times. [HUMBLE], [TECHNICAL-TERM] 4. Èr 貳 is a standard archaic word referring to minor assistants in formal employment (ZHOULI). [ARCHAIC], [HUMBLE] 5. Zuǒ 佐 refers to a person closely linked to the master and taking charge of minor practical matters, a personal servant, perhaps a secretary, but the word refers generally to a "helping hand". [HUMBLE] 6. Xiàng 相 can be used to refer to an assistant at any level, or to the functions fulfilled by such an assistant. See HELP [SPECIFIC]
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 GOVERNMENT/LAW 7. 副，使用最普通，幾乎可加在任何官名前表示副職。 貳，一般單用或與他詞連用作佐官之別稱，主要用於上古。 丞，作官名組合類詞，乃取輔助義。次、亞均排序為第二位，用於別名的副職組合： “ 次 ” 用於上古秦漢， “ 亞 ” 使用較多。 倅，唐以後才開始作為副貳官別稱的類詞。 簉，構成的官名別稱主要在宋代，使用較少。 GOVERNMENT/LAW 14. 輔佐。 ACT AS ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISITANT 輔，通稱。 弼，通過諫諍匡正的方式而佐。 相，力大功大之佐。翊，護衛之佐，有古雅、莊重色彩。 佐，側重於具體事務之助。 佑，帶有偏護意味之佐。贊，帶有開創性之佐。 GOVERNMENT/LAW 15. 輔，上古用以泛稱輔國大臣。 弼，上古泛稱能諫諍匡正的大臣。 相，為君主出謀劃策、制定方針政策、總領政事的大臣，作類詞。 佐，泛稱輔佐的重臣；也作各級官員下屬或副手的類詞。 贊，輔助性職官的類詞，表示擔當各種具體事務的官名。 Some terms are purely bureaucratic (chéng 丞, fù 副, èr 貳 ), others include a broader human or moral perspective and include general forms of support (xiàng 相, fǔ 輔 ).
Modern Chinese Criteria
助手 副手 副 助理 幫辦 下手 幫手 羽翼 臂助 僚佐 幕賓 幕僚 幕友 師爺 入幕賓 老夫子 西賓 西席 門客 門下 門人 清客 食客 左右手 膀臂 refers to a particularly reliable aide. 股肱 (lit) refers in a dignified way to a senior advisor. 鷹犬 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • SERVANT　HUMBLE ASSISTANT in a HOME or OFFICE. (anc: 10/0, child: 3)
Antonym
  • LEADCONTROL so as to CAUSE TO FOLLOW OR OBEY oneself.
See also
  • HELPTRY to PROFIT someone OR to CAUSE a person TO ACHIEVE something one BELIEVES is DIFFICULT for that person.
  • SERVEOBEY ENDURINGLY AND HELP someone, OFTEN:typically RECEIVING a SALARY.
  • HELPTRY to PROFIT someone OR to CAUSE a person TO ACHIEVE something one BELIEVES is DIFFICULT for that person.
Hypernym
  • OFFICIAL　ADULT who WORKS IN a PUBLIC OFFICE OR IN A PUBLIC FUNCTION. (anc: 8/0, child: 12)
  • ADULT　HUMAN who is SUFFICIENTLY OLD to ESTABLISH his/her SEPARATE HOME. (anc: 7/0, child: 20)
  • HUMAN　ANIMAL which HAS TWO LEGS AND LACKS FEATHERS. (anc: 6/0, child: 31)
  • 古代文化詞異集類辨考 Gudai wenhua ci yi ji lei bian kao ( HUANG JINGUI 1995) p. 86

  • 古辭辨 Gu ci bian ( WANG FENGYANG 1993) p. 387

    • Words (10 items)

    相  xiàng OC: sqaŋs MC: si̯ɐŋ 11 Attributions

    Xiàng 相 can be used to refer to an assistant at any level, or to the functions fulfilled by such an assistant. See HELP

      Syntactic words
    • nhelper; assistant　十六相
    • viactact as an administrative assistant
    • vt(oN)act as an assistant to a contextually determinate person)
    • vtoNact as administrative assistant to
    • vtoNcausativemake one's assistant
    • vtoNN=humanact as assistant to 相夫子"act as an assistant to the master"
    輔  fǔ OC: baʔ MC: bi̯o 9 Attributions

    The most general and most current colourless word for an assistant to any official in any capacity, but often in the capacity of a sernior minister, is fǔ 輔. [GENERAL], [VAGUE]

      Syntactic words
    • v[adN]assistant; helper; senior aide; most important minister
    • vadNassistant HSWZ 輔臣
    佐  zuǒ OC: skaals MC: tsɑ 9 Attributions

    Zuǒ 佐 refers to a person closely linked to the master and taking charge of minor practical matters, a personal servant, perhaps a secretary, but the word refers generally to a "helping hand". [HUMBLE]

      Syntactic words
    • DELETEassistant in charge of small matters
    • n(post-N)(senior) assistant of a contextually determinate N
    • npost-NN's assistantLZ
    • vtoNserve as a (senior) assistant under
    丞  chéng OC: ɡjɯŋ MC: dʑɨŋ 5 Attributions

    Chéng 丞 became especially common from Qin times onwards, and this bureaucratic term can refer to any assistant in formal employment. [SPECIFIC], [TECHNICAL-TERM]

      Syntactic words
    • nassistant official
    • nadNassistant
    貳  èr OC: njis MC: ȵi 3 Attributions

    Èr 貳 is a standard archaic word referring to minor assistants in formal employment (ZHOULI). [ARCHAIC], [HUMBLE]

      Syntactic words
    • nsubjectassistant
    • vadNassistant
    弼  bì OC: brɯd MC: bit 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nassistant; minister
    陪乘  péi chéng MC: -- -- OC: bɯɯ -- 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPcarriage assistantCH
    腹心  fù xīn OC: puɡ slɯm MC: puk sim 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NP{N1&N2}(by extension) dedicated collaborators; helpers
    副  fù OC: phɯɡs MC: phɨu 1 Attribution

    Fù 副 is a bureaucratic term that refers to a junior official of any kind in formal employment in Han times. [HUMBLE], [TECHNICAL-TERM]

      Syntactic words
    • nadNassistant (LSCQ)
    少  shào OC: hmljews MC: ɕiɛu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadNjunior; assistant