BEAM 梁
LARGE TIMBER USED TO BUILD BUILDINGS.
Old Chinese Criteria
[GENERAL-USE/TECHNICAL-TERM]
1. The current general term for a beam is liáng 梁, but specifically this refers to the north-south orientated rafters.
[GENERAL!]
2. Dòng 棟 refers to the ridge-pole of the roof, oriented usually in the east-western direction. It is also general term for the east-western beams in a roof construction. [HUANG 1995: 1044]
[SPECIFIC], [TECHNICAL-TERM]
3. Jí 極 refers to the beam at the top of the roof which is only visible from inside the house, and is thus a specific term for dòng 棟 in its specific meaning.
[SPECIFIC], [TECHNICAL-TERM]
4. Luán 欒 refers to a bent piece of wood on the top of a pillar. [HANYU DACIDIAN: vol. 4. pp. 1371; ill.: HAYASHI 1976: pp. 72, tab. 4-50]
[SPECIFIC], [TECHNICAL-TERM]
5. Jí 极 is another term for the ridge-pole used in pre-Qin times; it does not generally refer to the east-southern beams: [HUANG 1995: 1044]
[SPECIFIC], [TECHNICAL-TERM]
6. Fú 桴 refers to the east-western beam which is second when counted from the ridge-pole: [HUANG 1995: 1044 - 1045]
[SPECIFIC], [TECHNICAL-TERM]
7. Méi 楣 is another term for fú 桴. Later, the word began to be used for the horizontal beam above the door. [HUANG 1995: 1044 - 1045]
[SPECIFIC], [TECHNICAL-TERM]
8. Guǐ 庪 refers to the third east-western beam. [HUANG 1995: 1045]
[SPECIFIC], [TECHNICAL-TERM]
9. Yǐn (written like 隱 but with 木 radical) and fén 棼 both refer to the highest east-western ridge-pole of the double-roof. [HUANG 1995: 1045]
[SPECIFIC], [TECHNICAL-TERM]
10. Lǔ (written 木 + 呂 ) refers to the beam supporting the rafters of the roof. [HANYU DACIDIAN: vol. 4, pp. 973]
NB: A standard building has the main gate facing south, and all beams in the north-south direction are called liáng 梁, all beams in the east-west direction are called dòng 棟.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
ARCHITECTURE 9.
椽，圓椽，後作椽子總稱。
桷（ ju[U+00e9] ），方椽。
榱（ cu[U+012b] ），唐以前椽的總稱，側重排列有等差。
橑（ l[U+01ce]o ），復屋的椽子。
ARCHITECTURE 10.
梁，柱上南北向大木通稱，也可作棟梁泛稱。梁也稱杗、杗廇。
棟，屋脊最高的東西向長橫木；又作屋棟通稱。最高的棟，上古、秦漢方言也稱為極。
楣、桴，中棟以下第二棟，楣，又常稱門框上橫梁。
庪（ gu[U+01d0] ），近檐的棟木。� （ y[U+00ec]n ），隱於天花上面的梁，又指復屋的最高棟。
棼，復屋或重屋（樓）之棟。欐，曾作棟梁泛稱。在專業文獻中，棟稱桁、檁、槫，梁稱 © 。
ARCHITECTURE 18.
闑，門中所豎長木，可固定門扇，又有區分主賓人、公私事的禮制作用。
閫，專指門中所豎短木，低於車軸高度。
橛有時也可特指闑。
閾，門下橫木，作內外之限。
切，有砌飾的門限。
柣，門限別稱。
閣，設置在門扇旁防止已開門扇自動閉合的長木。
棖，門兩旁所豎保護門的木柱。
楔，有時特指門兩旁的木柱。
Modern Chinese Criteria
檁
桁
檁條
檁子
正梁
脊檁
大梁
棟
後梁
橫梁
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
- A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages
(
BUCK 1988)
p.
9.51 - Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien
(
DOEDERLEIN 1840)
p.
BEAM
trabs or trabes refer to a longish and narrow beam, rather like a substantial pole.
tignum refers to a shorter and thicker beam, like an elongated block.
- 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典
(
HONG CHENGYU 2009)
p.
108
Words
梁 liáng OC: k-raŋ MC: li̯ɐŋ 3 AttributionsWD
The current general term for a beam is liáng 梁, but specifically this refers to the north-south orientated rafters. [GENERAL!]
- Syntactic words
- nbeam; specifically: beam in the north-south direction
棟 dòng OC: tooŋs MC: tuŋ 1 AttributionWD
Dòng 棟 refers generally to east-west-directed beams in a building, but the word also refers specifically to the beam at the top of the roof. [SPECIFIC]
- Syntactic words
- nbeam
橋 qiáo OC: ɡrew MC: giɛu 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- nbeam; crosspiece
桔皋 jié gāo MC: ket -- OC: kiid kuuCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- n=桔槔 well sweepCH
- NPadVby the use of well sweepsCH
宙 zhòu OC: rliwɡs MC: ɖɨu 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nHN: (generally) beam
庪 guǐ OC: kʷreʔ MC: kiɛ 0 AttributionsWD
Guǐ 庪 refers to the third east-western beam. [HUANG 1995: 1045] [SPECIFIC], [TECHNICAL-TERM]
- Syntactic words
- nZHENG XUAN, YILIZHU: last but one lower dòng 棟
极 jí OC: ɡab MC: giɛp 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nbeam
杗 máng OC: maaŋ MC: mɑŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- npost-Han: TANG: beam in the north-south direction, same as liáng 梁 in its specific meaning
桴 fú OC: bu MC: bɨu 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nbeam
棼 fén OC: bɯn MC: bi̯un 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- neast-west beam, ridge of a roof either on the first or on the second level in a double-roof house
極 jí OC: ɡɯɡ MC: gɨk 0 AttributionsWD
Jí 極 refers to the beam at the top of the roof which is only visible from inside the house, and is thus a specific term for dòng 棟 in its specific meaning. [SPECIFIC], [TECHNICAL-TERM]
- Syntactic words
- nZHUANG: ridge of a roof
楣 méi OC: mril MC: mi 0 AttributionsWD
Méi 楣 is another term for fú 桴. Later, the word began to be used for the horizontal beam above the door. [HUANG 1995: 1044 - 1045] [SPECIFIC], [TECHNICAL-TERM]
- Syntactic words
- nYILI: second traverse east-west beam, counted from top
檼 yìn OC: qɯns MC: ʔɨn 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nSHIMING: east-west beam at the top of a two-layer building
欐 lì OC: b-reels MC: lei 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nSIMA XIANGRU, SHANGLINFU: general term for a beam
欒 luán OC: b-roon MC: lʷɑn 0 AttributionsWD
Luán 欒 refers to a bent piece of wood on the top of a pillar. [HANYU DACIDIAN: vol. 4. pp. 1371; ill.: HAYASHI 1976: pp. 72, tab. 4-50] [SPECIFIC], [TECHNICAL-TERM]
- Syntactic words
橛 jué MC: -- OC: --CH 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nupright beam; short wooden post, stakeCH
Existing SW for
Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database:
Searching Wikidata