TEARS    淚

BODY JUICE in the form of SALTY WATER TYPICALLY ISSUING from the EYES WHEN one FEELS INTENSE GRIEF OR SADNESS.
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for tears is qì 泣. 2. Lèi 淚 is a general word for tears, but probably not as common as qì 泣. 3. Tì 涕 refers to tears (possibly mixed with snivel from the nose, the latter meaning becoming prominent at later stages of the language). 4. Yí 洟 and sì 泗 are rare words referring to tears in early times, and to snivel or mucus from the nose in later times.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 BODY 41. 涕，眼淚，有文言色彩。 淚，眼淚，後起口語詞。 泣，偏重於很多的淚水。
Modern Chinese Criteria
眼淚 淚液 淚水 淚珠 淚花 淚 涕 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
See also
  • SNIVELLIQUID IN the NOSE.
  • WEEPREACT OR ACT by PRODUCING TEARS IN-RELATION-T0 something one INTENSELY FEELS is SAD.
Hypernym
  • BODY JUICES　IMPORTANT LIQUID in the BODY. (anc: 6/0, child: 6)
  • LIQUID　SUBSTANCE which CAN FLOW. (anc: 5/0, child: 9)
  • SUBSTANCE　THING NOT SEPARATED into SEPARATE PARTS. (anc: 4/0, child: 28)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 16.38

  • Dictionnaire des Lumieres ( DELON 1997) p. 643ff

    This is a superb survey of the historical semantics of weeping in the eighteenth century. There is a concise bibliography of directly relevant works in Spanish, French, German, and English.

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 60

  • A Russian-English Collocational Dictionary of the Human Body ( IORDANSKAJA 1996) p. 334

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    LACRYMAE

  • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 29

  • 東漢﹣隨常用詞演變研究 ( WANG WEIHUI 2000) p. 32

  • 古辭辨 Gu ci bian ( WANG FENGYANG 1993) p. 134

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 587

    涕，淚，泗，洟

    1. WL claims that le4i 淚 is a character that was late to arise. But the word does come in ZGC, HF and early Han texts.

    2. Very curiously, WL omit qi4 泣 which is a common word for tears in the early period.

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 84

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 52A

    • Words (11 items)

    涕  tì OC: lʰiils MC: thei
    涕  tǐ OC: lʰiilʔ MC: thei 47 Attributions

    Tì 涕 refers to tears (possibly mixed with snivel from the nose, the latter meaning becoming prominent at later stages of the language).

      Syntactic words
    • nmtears (perhaps with an admixture of snivel)
    • nmsubjecttears (functioning as a subject)
    淚  lèi OC: ruds MC: li 9 Attributions

    Lèi 淚 is a general word for tears, but probably not as common as qì 泣.

      Syntactic words
    • nmtears ZGC: 垂淚涕泣
    泣涕  qì tì OC: khrub lʰiils MC: khip thei 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPmtears (also as grammatical subject)
    泣  qì OC: khrub MC: khip 5 Attributions

    The current general word for tears is qì 泣.

      Syntactic words
    • nmtears 泣下
    涕泣  tì qì OC: lʰiils khrub MC: thei khip 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPmtears
    涕洟  tì tì OC: lʰiils lʰiis MC: thei thei 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPmtears
    涕淚  tì lèi OC: lʰiils ruds MC: thei li 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPtears
    洟  tì OC: lʰiis MC: thei
    洟  yí OC: li MC: ji 1 Attribution

    Yí 洟 and sì 泗are rare words referring to tears in early times, and to snivel or mucus from the nose in later times.

      Syntactic words
    • nmtears
    血  xuè OC: qhʷiiɡ MC: het 0 Attributions

    Xuè 血 occasionally refers poetically to a tears caused by an extreme melancholy.

      Syntactic words
    汁  zhī OC: kjub MC: tɕip 0 Attributions

    Zhī 汁 can also refer to tears.

      Syntactic words
    泗  sì OC: plids MC: si 0 Attributions

    Yí 洟 and sì 泗are rare words referring to tears in early times, and to snivel or mucus from the nose in later times.

      Syntactic words
    • nmSHI: tears; tears with an admixture of snivel