FRUIT    果實果

RIPE SEED ON PLANT or TREE, TYPICALLY HARVESTED by HUMANS FOR EATING.
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The dominant common general word for edible fruit, typically as viewed from the consumer's point of view, is guǒ 果. 2. The dominant common general word for the fruit viewed from a biological point of view is shí 實.
Modern Chinese Criteria
水果 果品 鮮果 果實 果子 果 實 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • GOURD　FRUIT of a CREEPER PLANT the SHELL of which is USED as a VESSEL. [] (anc: 4/0, child: 0)
  • ACORN　The FRUIT or seed of the oak-tree; an oval nut growing in a shallow woody cup or cupule. (anc: 4/0, child: 0)
  • APPLE　FRUIT of one of the TREES (anc: 4/0, child: 0)
  • BERRY　SMALL FRUITS GROWING on BUSHES OR TREES. (anc: 4/0, child: 2)
  • FIG　FRUIT of the fig TREE. [FICUS]??? (anc: 4/0, child: 0)
  • NUT　SMALL FRUIT which has a HARD SHELL AND A SOFT OFTEN EDIBLE KERNEL. (anc: 4/0, child: 0)
  • OLIVE　[Olea sativa], a small oval drupe, with bitter pulp abounding in oil, and hard stone; valuable as a source of oil, and also eaten pickled in an unripe state. (anc: 4/0, child: 0)
  • PEACH　The FRUIT of the TREE [Amygdalus persica] (anc: 4/0, child: 0)
  • PEAR　FRUIT OF TREE []??? (anc: 4/0, child: 0)
Hypernym
  • Not defined　 (anc: 2/0, child: 203)
  • PRIME　 (anc: 1/0, child: 2)
  • 　 (anc: 0/0, child: 0)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 5.71

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 2.1213

    • Words (36 items)

    實  shí OC: ɢljiɡ MC: ʑit 19 Attributions

    The dominant common general word for the fruit viewed from a biological point of view is shí 實.

      Syntactic words
    • nfruit
    • nabfigurativesubstantial meaning
    • npost-Nfruit of NDS
    • vibear fruit; bear seed
    • vtoNbear (fruit)
    果  guǒ OC: kloolʔ MC: kʷɑ
    菓  guǒ OC: kloolʔ MC: kʷɑ 11 Attributions

    The dominant common general word for fruit is guǒ 果. huang

      Syntactic words
    • nadNfruit-DS
    • nccfruit growing on a tree
    • npost-Nfigurativeabstract fruits> positive results of N
    栗  lì OC: b-riɡ MC: lit 6 Attributions

    Lì 栗 refers to a chestnut tree.

      Syntactic words
    • nchestnuts; chestnut
    棗  zǎo OC: tsuuʔ MC: tsɑu 4 Attributions

    Zaǒ 棗 refers to jujube, Zizyphus vulgaris.

      Syntactic words
    • nfruit of the jujube tree; jujube date
    果實  guǒ shí OC: kloolʔ ɢljiɡ MC: kʷɑ ʑit 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialfruit
    柰  nài OC: naads MC: nɑi 2 Attributions

    Nài 柰 refers to a crab-apple. There are three types: white, red, and green.

      Syntactic words
    • ndistinguished tasty kind of fruit
    蓏  luǒ OC: roolʔ MC: lʷɑ 1 Attribution

    Luǒ 蓏 refers to the fruits which grow on the ground, like melons, gourds, etc.

      Syntactic words
    • nfruit growing on a bush or (like melons, gourds, cucumbers) on the ground
    果蓏  guǒ luǒ OC: kloolʔ roolʔ MC: kʷɑ lʷɑ 1 Attribution

    Guǒluǒ 果蓏 is general term for fruits which grow both on the trees and on the ground (like melons, gourds, etc.).

      Syntactic words
    • nfruits of all kinds, growing on trees, on the ground like melons, and on creepers
    芥子  jiè zǐ OC: kreeds sklɯʔ MC: kɣɛi tsɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPmustard seed In BUDDH. scriptures 芥子 symbolizes the ultimate smallest in contrast to Mt. Sumeru which symbolizes the ultimate largest in the universe. The term often expresses that characteristics/forms are illusionary and that all things contain each other; 'mustard seed' and 'Mt. Sumeru' containing each other is a reocurring theme in Recorded Sayings literature. (see for example VIMALKIRTI, T.14/475: 546b28-29: " 唯願度者乃見須彌入芥子中。是名住不思議解脫法門。 "; BAIJUYI; see also LIANG XIAOHONG 1994: 79).
    華果  huá guǒ OC: ɢʷraal kloolʔ MC: ɦɣɛ kʷɑ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPflowers and fruit
    李  lǐ OC: ɡ-rɯʔ MC: lɨ 1 Attribution

    Lǐ 李 refers to plums.

      Syntactic words
    • nplum
    柚  yòu OC: liwɡs MC: jɨu 1 Attribution

    Yòu 柚 (also called wéndàn 文旦) refers to a pumelo.

      Syntactic words
    • nfruit from the pomelo tree; pomelo
    梅  méi OC: mɯɯ MC: muo̝i 1 Attribution

    Méi 梅 refers to prunes.

      Syntactic words
    • nplum
    棃  lí MC: lij OC: ril 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nhaw categus cuneata and pinnatifida(?)CH
    榛  zhēn OC: tsrin MC: ʈʂin 1 Attribution

    Zhēn 榛 refers to a hazel nut or filbert tree.

      Syntactic words
    • nhazel; hazelnut
    橘  jú OC: kʷlid MC: kʷit 1 Attribution

    Jú 橘 refers to orange.

      Syntactic words
    • norange
    聖果  shèng guǒ OC: qhljeŋs kloolʔ MC: ɕiɛŋ kʷɑ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: the holy fruit > enlightenment to the truth
    果栗  guǒ lì OC: kloolʔ b-riɡ MC: kʷɑ lit 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluralfruits, all kind of fruits, fruits and nuts
    梅子  méi zǐ OC: mɯɯ sklɯʔ MC: muo̝i tsɨ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPplum
    葚  shèn OC: ɢljumʔ MC: ʑim 0 Attributions

    Shèn 葚 refers to the fruit of the mullberry.

      Syntactic words
    • nfruit of the mulberry tree
    楊梅  yáng méi OC: k-laŋ mɯɯ MC: ji̯ɐŋ muo̝i 0 Attributions

    Yáng méi 楊梅 refers to an arbutus.

      Syntactic words
    橄欖  gǎn lǎn OC: klaamʔ ɡ-raamʔ MC: kɑm lɑm 0 Attributions

    Gǎn lǎn 橄欖 refers to olives.

      Syntactic words
    龍眼  lóng yǎn OC: b-roŋ ŋɡrɯɯnʔ MC: li̯oŋ ŋɣɛn 0 Attributions

    Lóngyǎn 龍眼 refers to a special kind of juicy fruit with a white pulp and a yellow-brownish peel.

      Syntactic words
    荔枝  lì zhī OC: ɡ-rɯɯbs kje MC: lei tɕiɛ 0 Attributions

    Lìzhī 荔枝 refers to a lichee, a special kind of a fruit which grows in southern China.

      Syntactic words
    子  zǐ OC: sklɯʔ MC: tsɨ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    櫻桃  yīng táo OC: qreeŋ ɡ-laaw MC: ʔɣɛŋ dɑu 0 Attributions

    Yīngtáo 櫻桃 refers to cherries.

      Syntactic words
    李子  lǐ zǐ OC: ɡ-rɯʔ sklɯʔ MC: lɨ tsɨ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPplum
    杏  xìng OC: graaŋʔ MC: ɦɣaŋ 0 Attributions

    Xìng 杏 refers refers to an apricot.

      Syntactic words
    柤  zhā OC: skraa MC: ʈʂɣɛ 0 Attributions

    Zhā 柤 refers to a kind of oranges, which is solid inside and with a black and greesy glossy surface.

      Syntactic words
    • nkind of fruit (hawthorn; Crataegus ??)
    桃  táo OC: ɡ-laaw MC: dɑu 0 Attributions

    Táo 桃 refers to a peach.

      Syntactic words
    梖  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nfruit of the hovenia dulcis??
    橙  chéng OC: rdɯɯŋ MC: ɖɣɛŋ 0 Attributions

    Chéng 橙 refers to a common or coolie orange.

      Syntactic words
    櫨  lú OC: ɡ-raa MC: luo̝ 0 Attributions

    Lú 櫨 refers to a smoke tree.

      Syntactic words
    • nkind of fruit tree
    枇杷  pí pá OC: bi braa MC: bi bɣɛ 0 Attributions

    Pí pá 枇杷 refers to a loquat.

      Syntactic words
    林檎  lín qín OC: ɡ-rɯm ɡrɯm MC: lim gim 0 Attributions

    Lín qín 林檎 is a colloquial word referring to small red apples.

      Syntactic words
    赤奈  chì nài OC: khjaɡ naads MC: tɕhiɛk nɑi 0 Attributions

    Chìnài 赤奈 refers to a small fruit resembling an apple.

      Syntactic words