KNIFE    刀刀

SMALL WEAPON OR TOOL, HAVING ONE EDGE, USED FOR CUTTING OR STABBING.
DAGGER
Old Chinese Criteria
1. General word for a knife or dagger is dāo 刀. Knives were usually made of bronze, since the Warring States period of iron, and had many functions; they could be used as a weapon (already from the Shang period), to cut meal - particularly meat - or as a butcherer's knife, and to engrave or smooth something. According to the purpose, their shape and size also varied. WANG suggests that dāo 刀 refers only to the knives with a concave blade, which can be conveniently used to cut something, whereas these with the convex blade were primarily used for curving and smoothing, and were called xiao 削; but it seems improbable. Knives with the concave blade are known which for their large size can be used only like a weapon or to cut something; it should be further noted that the knife-shaped coins of the Warring States period, which have the concave blade, are called dāo 刀, and that even small concave knives used in Han times to smooth bamboo books are often referred to as shū dāo 書刀. 2. Xiāo 削 refers to the small knife with a concave blade, which was used to engrave or smooth wooden or bamboo surface. It was often used to smooth a surface of bamboo slips, and in Han times was usually referred to as shū dāo 書刀. 3. Bǐ shǒu 匕首 refers to the dagger defined in SHUOWEN like a short sword.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 WARFARE 17. 刀，用於劈砍的單面側刃格鬥兵器；刀的總稱。 刃，代稱帶刃帶鋒的武器，常指刀劍。 鉤，刃口彎曲的刀。 削，書刀。 鞘、鞞，刀劍的套。 琫，佩刀鞘上近口處的飾物。
Modern Chinese Criteria
刀 刀子 刀兒 薄刀 鍘刀 鍘 彎刀 剞劂 鏨刀 鏨 剃刀 剃頭刀 保險刀 安全剃刀 獵刀 劈刀 絞刀 戒刀 瓦刀 屠刀 菜刀
Hyponym
  • TABLE-KNIFE　KNIFE USED FOR EATING. (anc: 8/0, child: 0)
  • RAZOR　KNIFE USED to CUT one's BEARD. (anc: 8/0, child: 0)
  • SCISSORS　INTERTWINED KNIVES USED TO CUT THREADS OR PAPER. (anc: 8/0, child: 0)
Part of
  • BLADESHARP SIDE OR TIP FOR PIERCING OR CUTTING in a CUTTING TOOL.
See also
  • SWORDWEAPON RESEMBLING an INTENSELY BIG KNIFE.
Hypernym
  • KITCHEN UTENSIL　TOOLS TYPICALLY USED IN a KITCHEN. (anc: 6/0, child: 1)
  • TOOL　ARTEFACT PRODUCED FOR USE USING a DEFINED METHOD. (anc: 5/0, child: 53)
  • ARTEFACT　THING PRODUCED by MAN. (anc: 4/0, child: 26)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 9.23

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    DAGGER

    pugio refers to a dagger worn openly as a military weapon.

    sica refers to the dagger secretly hidden under the cloak of a robber or thief.

  • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 1966) p. 207

  • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 1966) p. 224

    Messer (Schlaechter)

  • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 2000) p. 774

    Messer:

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 100B

    • Words (9 items)

    刀  dāo OC: k-laaw MC: tɑu 9 Attributions

    General word for a knife is dāo 刀. Knives were usually made of bronze, since the Warring States period of iron, and had many functions; they could be used as a weapon (already from the Shang period), to cut meal - particularly meat - or as a butcherer's knife, and to engrave or smooth something. According to the purpose, their shape and size also varied. WANG suggests that dāo 刀 refers only to the knives with a concave blade, which can be conveniently used to cut something, whereas these with the convex blade were primarily used for curving and smoothing, and were called xiao 削; but it seems improbable. Knives with the concave blade are known which for their large size can be used only like a weapon or to cut something; it should be further noted that the knife-shaped coins of the Warring States period, which have the concave blade, are called dāo 刀, and that even small concave knives used in Han times to smooth bamboo books are often referred to as shū dāo 書 刀.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 杖/STICK The current general word for a stick of any kind is zhàng 杖.
    • Assoc: 筆/BRUSH
    • Assoc: 鐮/SICKLE The current word for a sickle is lián 鐮／鎌.

    • 漢代の文物 Kandai no bunbutsu ( HAYASHI 1976) p. {pp. 36, tab. 2-163 - 2-163}

    • () p. 134 - 135 {34-14 - 34-19}

    • 古辭辨 Gu ci bian ( WANG FENGYANG 1993) p. 229

    • [100 page synonym dictionary which I have in Oslo and shall identify.CH] ( XIANG 1997) p. 105, 401, 533 {2-7}

    • 中國佛教百科全書 Zhōngguó fójiào bǎikē quánshū Encyclopedic Book Collection on Chinese Buddhism ( YANG WEIZHONG 2000) p. 51 - 52

      Syntactic words
    • ndagger; butcher's knife; doctor's scalpel; mutilator's knife MO: 五刀
    • nadVinstrumentwith a knife
    • vimiddle voiceget exposed to the knife/dagger/sword
    首  shǒu OC: qhljuʔ MC: ɕɨu 7 Attributions

    Bǐ shǒu 匕首 refers to the dagger defined in SHUOWEN like a short sword.

    • () p. 135 {34-21}

      Syntactic words
    • NPdagger
    匕首  bǐ shǒu MC: pjijX syuwX OC: -- qhljuʔ 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPdaggerDS
    削  xiāo OC: smewɡ MC: si̯ɐk 4 Attributions

    Xiāo 削refers to the small knife with a concave blade, which was used to engrave or smooth wooden or bamboo surface. It was often used to smooth a surface of bamboo slips, and in Han times was usually referred to as shū dāo 書刀.

    • 楚文物圖典 Chu wenwu tudian ( CHU 2000) p. {pp. 148}

    • 楚文物圖典 Chu wenwu tudian ( CHU 2000) p. 148

    • () p. 280 {70-18 - 70-21}

    • () p. 280

    • () p. 70-18 - 70-21

    • 古辭辨 Gu ci bian ( WANG FENGYANG 1993) p. 229

      Syntactic words
    • nknife used in metalwork; tool with which to engrave or smooth metal or wood surfaces
    銛  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 3 Attributions

    xiān

      Syntactic words
    • nshort dagger weapon
    鍘  zhá OC: sɡraad MC: ɖʐɣat 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nsickle ??????
    刀子  dāo zǐ OC: k-laaw sklɯʔ MC: tɑu tsɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPknife
    刀山  dāo shān OC: k-laaw sreen MC: tɑu ʂɣɛn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPBUDDH: mountain knives
    牛刀  niú dāo OC: ŋɯ k-laaw MC: ŋɨu tɑu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPknife used for slaughtering a buffalo