HESITATE    躊躇不決猶豫

DOUBT HOW one SHOULD ACT AND THEREFORE NOT ACT OR MOVE.
PAUSEDELAYWAITSHILLY-SHALLYDITHERSTALLTEMPORIZEBE OF TWO MINDSBE UNCERTAINBE UNSUREBE DOUBTFULBE INDECISIVEHEDGEEQUIVOCATEFLUCTUATEVACILLATEWAVERWAFFLEHAVE SECOND THOUGHTSTHINK TWICEINFORMAL DILLY-DALLYBLOW HOT AND COLDGET COLD FEETHEM AND HAW
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for psychological hesitation happens to be bisyllabic: yóuyù 猶豫 (compare the rare but synonymous yíyóu 夷猶 ) (ant. guǒ 果 "resolute"), but the word primarily refers to the mental state which brings about hesitation in action, but the diffident behaviour is also included in the meaning of the word. 2. Chóu chú 躊躇 refers to the physical result of an attitude of hesitation, the lingering in one place, and the indecisiveness of movement, and these forms of action are clearly construed as expressive of the psychological hesitation. 3. Pái huái 徘徊, pánghuáng 彷徨, zhízhú 躑躅, refers primarily to the action of going back and forth, as if in doubt, but the words can occasionally be used, by extension, to refer to the doubt or hesitation itself. 4. Yí 疑 and the much rarer chǐ huí 祗迴 refers primarily to the intellectual aspect of hesitation. 5. Xū 需 refers to hesitation as a permanent characteristic of a person. 6. Rèn 訒 (ant. nìng 佞 "quick-witted eloquence") refers to reticent hesitation in the articulation of what is on one's mind.
Modern Chinese Criteria
猶豫 猶疑 遲疑 踟躕 躊躇 動搖 徊徨 徘徊 遲回 趑趄 瞻顧 refers to being on one's guard and thus hesitating to act. 瞻前顧後 猶豫不決 踟躕不前 趑趄不前 逡巡不前 狐疑不決 遲疑不決 沉吟不決 依違不決 舉棋不定 欲言又止 首鼠兩端 first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH
Hypernym
  • DOUBT　AWARE that one does NOT KNOW OR UNDERSTAND something. (anc: 8/0, child: 2)
  • AWARE　ABLE to VOLUNTARILY:deliberately REACT to.  (anc: 7/0, child: 3)
  • ABLE　HAVE FEATURES one NEEDS in SELF:oneself FOR ACHIEVING something. (anc: 6/0, child: 16)
  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    HESITATE

    cunctari refers to considered hesitation which makes room for due reflection.

    haesitare refers to failure to act because of a lack of personal resolution.

    cessare refers to failure to continue an action because of lack of physical strength.

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    CUNCTATIO

    MORA

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 95

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 1.448

  • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 329

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.273:183F

    IRRESOLU.INDECIS; DOUTEUX.INCERTAIN.IRRESOLU

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 59B

    • Words (34 items)

    徘徊  pái huí OC: bɯɯl ɢuul MC: buo̝i ɦuo̝i 6 Attributions

    Pái huái 徘徊, pánghuáng 彷徨, zhízhú 躑躅, refers primarily to the action of going back and forth, as if in doubt, but the words can occasionally be used, by extension, to refer to the doubt or hesitation itself.

      Syntactic words
    • vviwalk back and forth in hesitation; occasionally: be plagued by hesitation
    • vvi+N{PLACE}move uncertainly about in the place N
    • vvifigurativemove in uncertain directions
    • vvifigurativebe disorientatedCH
    疑  yí OC: ŋɡɯ MC: ŋɨ 5 Attributions

    Yí 疑 and the much rarer chǐ huí 祗迴refers primarily to the intellectual aspect of hesitation.

      Syntactic words
    • viacthesitate (LIJI); be hesitant; be wavering;
    • vpostadVin a half-hearted doubtful mannerCH
    • vt+V[0]be hesitant in VERBING 疑行
    猶豫  yóu yù OC: k-lu las MC: jɨu ji̯ɤ 4 Attributions

    The current general word for psychological hesitation happens to be bisyllabic: yóuyù 猶豫(compare the rare but synonymous yíyóu 夷猶) (ant. guǒ 果 "resolute"), but the word primarily refers to the mental state which brings about hesitation in action, but the diffident behaviour is also included in the meaning of the word.

      Syntactic words
    • vviactone of the rare bisyllabic morphemes: hesitate
    延佇  yán zhù OC: lan daʔ MC: jiɛn ɖi̯ɤ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPilinger on; wait in indecision, hesitate, dither
    躑躅  zhí zhú OC: deɡ doɡ MC: ɖiɛk ɖi̯ok 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactbe full of hesitations; (of horses:) stall
    • VPifigurativestall, refuse to come forthCH
    需  xū OC: sno MC: si̯o 2 Attributions

    Xū 需 refers to hesitancy as a permanent characteristic of a person.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactproneness to hesitation, lack of firm determination
    • vibe hesitant??
    躊躇  chóu chú OC: du ɡ-la MC: ɖɨu ɖi̯ɤ 2 Attributions

    Chóu chú 躊躇 refers to the physical result of an attitude of hesitation, the lingering in one place, and the indecisiveness of movement, and these forms of action are clearly construed as expressive of the psychological hesitation.

      Syntactic words
    • VPiacthesitate; be hesitant; linger on
    蹢䠱  zhí zhú MC: drjek drjowk OC: ɡ-leɡ -- 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactbe non-decisiveCH
    訒  rèn OC: njins MC: ȵin 1 Attribution

    Rèn 訒 (ant. nìng 佞 "quick-witted eloquence") refers to reticent hesitation in the articulation of what is on one's mind.

      Syntactic words
    • vistammer; speak reluctantly; be reticent (in speech)
    遲  chí OC: rlil MC: ɖi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • viactbe slow to act > hesitate
    盤桓  pán huán MC: -- hwan OC: baan ɢoon 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPihesitateDS
    佪  huí OC: ɢuul MC: ɦuo̝i 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • viactto hesitate
    逡巡  qūn xún MC: tshwin zwin OC: skhlun sɢʷun 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPihesitate diffidentlyCH
    憧  chōng OC: thjoŋ MC: tɕhi̯oŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vibe hesitating; be undecided (YI); be irresolute
    彷徨  páng huáng OC: baaŋ ɡʷaaŋ MC: bɑŋ ɦɑŋ 1 Attribution

    Pái huái 徘徊, pánghuáng 彷徨, zhízhú 躑躅, refers primarily to the action of going back and forth, as if in doubt, but the words can occasionally be used, by extension, to refer to the doubt or hesitation itself.

      Syntactic words
    • vviwalk back and forth in hesitation; occasionally: be plagued by hesitation
    • vvifigurativehang around
    猶  yóu OC: k-lu MC: jɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vibe hestiating (as if suspicious)
    豫  yù OC: las MC: ji̯ɤ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe hesitant
    跱  zhì OC: ɡrlɯʔ MC: ɖɨ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vihesitate, not advance (ZZ)
    踟  chí OC: de MC: ɖiɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viwalk hesitatingly; hesitate; waver; be undecided
    踸  chěn OC: khrlumʔ MC: ʈhim 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viwalk irresolutely ??
    蹲  dūn OC: dzuun MC: dzuo̝n 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viacthesitate (ZHUANG)
    躇  chú OC: ɡ-la MC: ɖi̯ɤ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viacthesitate; falter; be undecided
    躊  chóu OC: du MC: ɖɨu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viacthesitate, falter (mostly in chóu chú 躊躇 "hesitate")
    躑  zhí OC: deɡ MC: ɖiɛk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viacthesitate (XUN)
    夷猶  yí yóu OC: li k-lu MC: ji jɨu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vvigenerally: hesitate CC
    祗迴  zhī huí OC: tjil ɢuul MC: tɕi ɦuo̝i 0 Attributions

    Yí 疑 and the much rarer zhī huí 祗迴refers primarily to the intellectual aspect of hesitation.

      Syntactic words
    躑躇  zhí chú OC: deɡ ɡ-la MC: ɖiɛk ɖi̯ɤ
    躑躕  zhí chú OC: deɡ do MC: ɖiɛk ɖi̯o 0 Attributions

    Pái huái 徘徊, pánghuáng 彷徨, zhíchú 躑躅, refers primarily to the action of going back and forth, as if in doubt, but the words can occasionally be used, by extension, to refer to the doubt or hesitation itself.

      Syntactic words
    • vviwalk back and forth in hesitation; occasionally: be plagued by hesitation (also written 躑躕)
    彷  páng OC: baaŋ MC: bɑŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viactwalk irresolutely; hesitate (mostly in comination with huí 徊)
    徉  yáng OC: k-laŋ MC: ji̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viactwalk irresolutely, hesitate (CC)
    徨  huáng OC: ɡʷaaŋ MC: ɦɑŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viacthesitate (ZHUANG)
    淹  yān OC: qrom MC: ʔiɛm 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vitarry, hesitate before moving on.
    遲疑  chí yí OC: rlil ŋɡɯ MC: ɖi ŋɨ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPipost-Han: be indecisive
    徜徉  cháng yáng OC: djaŋ k-laŋ MC: dʑi̯ɐŋ ji̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vviwalk back and forth in hesitation; occasionally: be plagued by hesitation
    徬徨  bàng huáng OC: baaŋs ɡʷaaŋ MC: bɑŋ ɦɑŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe hesitant, irresolute