PRISON    監牢獄

PUBLIC BUILDING IN which CONVICTED GUILTY HUMANS ARE CONDEMNED to DWELL, AND which they are NOT PERMITTED TO LEAVE.
JAILLOCKUPPENAL INSTITUTIONDETENTION CENTERJAILHOUSEPENITENTIARYCORRECTIONAL FACILITYINFORMAL CLINKSLAMMERHOOSEGOWTHE BIG HOUSESTIRJUGBRIGCANPENCOOLERPOKEYSLAM(BE IN PRISON) INFORMAL BE INSIDEBE BEHIND BARSDO TIME
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general single-character word for a government prison is 獄, but this word first became current in Han times. 2. Líng yǔ 囹圄／囹圉 is the standard pre-Qin word for a state prison. 3. Láo 牢 is a colloquial word for an official prison. 4. Àn 犴 refers originally to a fierce dog a statue of which was a guardian at prisons, but the name of this dog was then occasionally used by synecdoche as a word for a prison. 5. Huán tǔ 圜土 refers to a small walled city-like compound that serves as a prison. 6. Jiàn 轞 refers to a prisoner carriage. See PRISON VEHICLE
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 GOVERNMENT/LAW 40. 羑里，商代監獄名。 圜土，周代的一種監獄，所拘是不入於五刑而對社會有害的人。 囹圄，兩周及漢代監獄通稱。 獄，起於周代，漢代以後成為監獄的通稱。 牢，漢代以來口語中監獄的通稱。 狴犴，因監獄門上有神獸 “ 狴犴 ” ，漢代起比喻引申為監獄，成監獄的別稱。
Modern Chinese Criteria
監獄 牢獄 牢 監 獄 監牢 大牢 囚牢 班房 牢房 看守所 笆籬子 囹圄 圜牆 圜土 犴獄 岸獄 狴犴 (obs) prison (named after the legendary beast painted on the prison doors). 請室 ??? 鐵窗 鐵欄杆 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
See also
  • PUNISHRESTRAIN OR DAMAGE a CULPRIT BECAUSE of his/her CRIMES.
Hypernym
  • PUBLIC BUILDING　BUILDING USED by OFFICIALS FOR WORK. (anc: 6/0, child: 7)
  • BUILDING　BIG ARTEFACT PRODUCED FOR HUMANS OR ANIMALS to DWELL in OR BE-IN, or MOVE ON. (anc: 5/0, child: 23)
  • ARTEFACT　THING PRODUCED by MAN. (anc: 4/0, child: 26)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 21.39

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    PRISON

    custodia is the general word for the building where prisoners are kept.

    carcer is the part of the prison in which proper citizens were kept.

    ergastulum is the technical term for the penitentiary institutions for slaves.

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    CAPTIVITAS

    CARCER

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 240

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 3.2061

  • 中國文化史三百題 ( SANBAITI 1987) p. 67-70

  • "Sachwoerterbuch zum Alten China" ( UNGER SACH) p.

    GEFAENGNIS

  • 古辭辨 Gu ci bian ( WANG FENGYANG 1993) p. 425

  • 中國文化背景八千詞 Zhongguo wenhua beijing ba qian ci ( WU SANXING 2008) p. 265

  • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.165

  • A New Dictionary of Classical Greek Synonyms ( T.W.HARBSMEIER 2004) p. NO.167

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 146B

    • Words (9 items)

    囹圄  líng yǔ OC: ɡ-reeŋ ŋaʔ MC: leŋ ŋi̯ɤ 11 Attributions

    Líng yǔ 囹圄／囹圉 is the standard pre-Qin word for a state prison.

      Syntactic words
    • nnearly classical term for a prison; prison population, prisoners
    • nn[adN]people in prison> prisonersCH
    • nnabact, passiveimprisonment
    • nnadNpunishable by imprisonmentCH
    獄  yù OC: ŋoɡ MC: ŋi̯ok 5 Attributions

    The current general single-character word for a government prison is 獄, but this word first became current in Han times.

      Syntactic words
    • nprison
    • vtoNmiddle voiceget imprisonedDS
    牢獄  láo yù OC: ruu ŋoɡ MC: lɑu ŋi̯ok 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluralplaces of detention
    囹  líng OC: ɡ-reeŋ MC: leŋ 0 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • nprison
    圄  yǔ OC: ŋaʔ MC: ŋi̯ɤ 0 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • nprison
    圉  yǔ OC: ŋaʔ MC: ŋi̯ɤ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nprison
    圜土  huán tǔ OC: ɡʷraan kh-laaʔ MC: ɦɣan thuo̝ 0 Attributions

    Huán tǔ 圜土 refers to a small walled city-like compound that serves as a prison.

      Syntactic words
    • NP{N1adN2}HAN: walled prison city
    牢  láo OC: ruu MC: lɑu 0 Attributions

    Láo 牢is a colloquial word for an official prison.

      Syntactic words
    • nHANSHU: prison
    犴  àn OC: ŋɡaans MC: ŋɑn 0 Attributions

    Àn 犴 refers originally to a fierce dog a statue of which was a guardian at prisons, but the name of this dog was then occasionally used by synecdoche as a word for a prison.

      Syntactic words
    • nXUN: prison