EVEN    連雖

SURPRISINGLY, EVEN-IF one would NOT have GUESSED, ALSO.
SURPRISINGLYUNEXPECTEDLYPARADOXICALLY
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current word to make explicitly concessive nominals is suī 雖. 2. E@r 而 is restricted to subordinate clauses, and the word stresses the subjective incongruousness, thus coming close to being a counterfactual "even". 3. Yóu 猶 stresses the objective unlikeliness of the subject being characterised by the predicate. NB: Lián 連 is post-Buddhist (MING)
Modern Chinese Criteria
連 甚或 甚至 Cannot seem to find more synonyms. rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hypernym
  • ALSO　ADDING SOMETHING to what has ALREADY been SAID OR been REFERRED TO.  (anc: 14/0, child: 1)
  • ADD　PUT MORE INTEND:so as to CAUSE a QUANTITY of SOMETHING to INCREASE.  (anc: 13/0, child: 1)
  • PUT　DISPLACE IN ORDER TO CAUSE TO BE-IN a PLACE. (anc: 12/0, child: 6)
Other Hypernyms
  • SURPRISED　FEEL that something one EXPERIENCES NOW is STRANGE OR DIFFERENT from what is COMMON.Surprise originating from supriser X, acting on surprisee Y, activated because of the surprising feature Z. (anc: 12/0, child: 2)
  • FEELING　NATURAL REACTION IN one's MIND. (anc: 11/0, child: 17)
  • REACT　CHANGE one's THINKING OR ACTING BECAUSE one is PERCEIVING something. (anc: 10/0, child: 5)

Words (18 items)

雖  suī OC: sqlul MC: si 29 Attributions

The current word to make explicitly concessive nominals is suī 雖.

    Syntactic words
  • padS.adV[0]雖陷刑戮可 "it is possible even that he suffers physical punishment" it V-s even that SLZ
  • padS.adV[0]no matter whetherno matter whetherCH
  • vt0oS1.adS2 factive, assuming the truth of S1: even thoughCH
  • vtoN. Veven : 雖我亦將非之。
猶  yóu OC: k-lu MC: jɨu 18 Attributions

Yóu 猶 stresses the objective unlikeliness of the subject being characterised by the predicate.

    Syntactic words
  • padV.postN{SUBJ}even N
  • padV.postN{SUBJ}:adVeven also; even (猶。。。何況）
  • padV.postN{TOP}V even with regard to TOPLZ
尚  shàng OC: djaŋs MC: dʑi̯ɐŋ 11 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • padS1.post-S2even under conditions S
  • padVeven
  • padV.postN{SUBJ}:postSeven (an N)
曾  zēng MC:  OC: tsɯɯŋ 5 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • padVeven; curiously enough even (typically with negatives)LZ
且猶  qiě yóu OC: k-lu MC: tshɣɛ jɨu 4 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • PPadVintensitiveeven (stressed)
乃  nǎi OC: nɯɯʔ MC: nəi 3 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • padVeven
有  yǒu OC: ɢʷɯʔ MC: ɦɨu 3 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • vadVloan for 又: even more Vi
  • vadVloan for 又: even, moreoverLZ
猶若  yóu ruò OC: k-lu njaɡ MC: jɨu ȵi̯ɐk 3 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • PPadV.postN:adSeven (猶若。。。況）
雖至  suī zhì MC: swij tsyijH OC: sqlul kljiɡs 2 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • VPt N. Veven when it comes to the N they VCH
且  qiě OC:  MC: tshɣɛ 2 Attributions
    Syntactic words
  • padN.adVeven
  • padV1.postV2even if V2ing to V1CH
  • padVt.postN{OBJ}even
即是  jí shì OC: tsɯɡ ɡljeʔ MC: tsɨk dʑiɛ 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • VPt+N.adVeven
自  zì OC: sblids MC: dzi 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • padN.adSeven N...
假使  jiǎ shǐ OC: kraaʔ srɯʔ MC: kɣɛ ʂɨ 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • VPt+N.adVeven in the case of N...
亦  yì MC: yek OC: k-laɡ 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • ppost-N.adVevenCH
即  jí OC: tsɯɡ MC: tsɨk 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • vt+N.adVeven
憯  cǎn MC: tshomX OC: skhɯɯmʔ 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • padVcuriously enough even (typically with negatives, SHI)LZ
無  wú MC: mju OC: ma 1 Attribution
    Syntactic words
  • vtoN[disregarding the features of N that make this unlikely>] evenCH
連  lián OC: b-ren MC: liɛn 0 Attributions

NB: Lián 連 is post-Buddhist (MING)

    Syntactic words