MELANCHOLY    憂鬱

DELIGHT in one's OWN SADNESS IN-RELATION-TO ALL THINGS, this SADNESS LACKING CONCRETE CAUSE, AND being CULTIVATED IN ORDER TO OBTAIN OR SHOW WISDOM:higher-sensitivity.
WELTSCHMERZSADSORROWFULUNHAPPYDESOLATEMOURNFULLUGUBRIOUSGLOOMYDESPONDENTDEJECTEDDEPRESSEDDOWNHEARTEDDOWNCASTDISCONSOLATEGLUMMISERABLEWRETCHEDDISMALMOROSEWOEFULWOEBEGONEDOLEFULJOYLESSHEAVY-HEARTEDINFORMAL DOWN IN THE DUMPSDOWN IN/AT THE MOUTHBLUELITERARY ATRABILIOUS
Old Chinese Criteria
In ancient China the corresponding emotion is cultivated unhappiness about the political/social state at court as cultivated by Qu Yuan and emulated by thousands of poets ever since. Qu Yuan indulges in his dolorous expatriot political and cultural desperation exactly as a kind of sweet unhappiness which provides him endless self-indulgent aesthetic flourishes and morally desperate posturings.
Modern Chinese Criteria
憂悶 愁悶 愁苦 憂鬱 抑鬱 陰鬱 悒鬱 怫鬱 郁結 幽憂 憂憤 悒悒 抑抑 怏怏 鬱鬱不樂 悶悶不樂 忽忽不樂 怏怏不樂 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
See also
Hypernym
  • SAD　DISTRESS ARISING from BAD THOUGHTS NOW IN ONE'S MIND which CAUSE one to LACK DELIGHT:joy.NB: The words I have chosen to include in this group pose special problems of contrastive analysis. There is something irretrievably diffuse about their usage, in many cases, and in many others the number of relevant examples in the early literature is so small that it is impossible to get anything like a firm grip on their precise semantics. Under these circumstances I have tried to compensate for lack of neat analysis with more quotation, especially from Chǔcí. Throughout this section I quote my teacher David Hawkes' translations, mindful of the fact that many of these were written in the third year of his study of Chinese... (anc: 13/0, child: 7)
  • DISTRESS　FEELING that one's SELF:own SITUATION IS INTENSELY BAD. (anc: 12/0, child: 5)
  • FEELING　NATURAL REACTION IN one's MIND. (anc: 11/0, child: 17)
  • Vocabulaire européen des philosophies. Dictionnaire des intraduisibles ( CASSIN 2004) p. 759

  • Dictionnaire des Lumieres ( DELON 1997) p. 698

  • Saturn and Melancholy. Studies in the history of natural Philosophy, Religion and Art ( KLIBANSKY 1964) p.

    See also the revised German version Suhrkamp 1998??, which has not so far been translated into English.

  • Symbols of Anguish: In Search of Melancholy in China (Schweizer Asiatische Studien. Monographien, Bd. 3) Schweizer Asiatische Studien. Monographien ( KUBIN 2001) p.

  • Histoire du mal de vivre ( MINOIS 2003) p.

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 5.1038

    MELANCHOLIE

  • Ästhetische Grundbegriffe ( BARCK 2010) p. 5.446

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.257.214

    CHAGRIN.TRISTESSE.MELANCOLIE

  • Encyclopedia of Comparative Iconography ( ROBERTS 1998) p. 583

    • Words (6 items)

    愁慮  chóu lǜ OC: dzriw b-ras MC: ɖʐɨu li̯ɤ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychmelancholy thoughts???
    娛哀  yú āi OC: ŋʷa qɯɯl MC: ŋi̯o ʔəi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactrejoice in sadness
    娛憂  yú yōu OC: ŋʷa qu MC: ŋi̯o ʔɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactindulge in one's worries
    憂鬱  yōu yù OC: qu qud MC: ʔɨu ʔi̯ut 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychmelancholy
    哀娛  āi yú OC: qɯɯl ŋʷa MC: ʔəi ŋi̯o 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychmournful indulgence ???? [I'm not saying this is right. However, for the study of melancholy in China terms like these deserve close attention.CH]
    愁  chóu OC: dzriw MC: ɖʐɨu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychmelancholy