ENTERTAINER    演藝人員伎

ARTISAN:specialist AIMING to AMUSE OTHERS.
PERFORMERARTISTEARTISTCLOWNJESTERFOOL
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The most current general word for an entertainer is jì 妓, and this word refers to any entertainer including artists, dancers, and clowns of any kind.2. Chàng 倡 refers occasionally to an entertainer specialised in singing, especially the main singer.3. Lìng 伶 refers specifically to a musician-entertainer who accompanies the main singers chàng 倡.4. Yōu 優 and yōu rén 優人 refers to dwarf-clowns who perform through comic talk, comic action and slapstick comedy.5. Pái 俳 and more often pái yōu 俳優 refer to a superior specialist in comic talk.6. Zhū rú 侏儒 is a general word for a dwarf, and since the dwarf at court typically acted as a clown, the term came also to refer generally to clowns.<div>7. Nu# yuè 女樂 is a standard general term for female musical entertainers or female musicians.</div><div><br></div><div>A splendid comparative overview is found in Beatrice K. Otto, Fools are Everywhere. The Court Jester Around the World, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2001<br></div><br>
Modern Chinese Criteria
藝人 演藝人員 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • PROSTITUTE　FEMALE ENTERTAINER who has INTERCOURSE with the MALES she ENTERTAINS. (anc: 11/0, child: 0)
  • ACTOR　An ENTERTAINER who DISPLAYS ACTS in DRAMAS. (anc: 11/0, child: 0)
  • ACROBAT　ENTERTAINER PUBLICLY DOING DIFFICULT ACTS IN-ORDER-TO AMUSE. (anc: 11/0, child: 0)
  • TRICKSTER　ENTERTAINER OF SUPERIORS USING HUMOUR. (anc: 11/0, child: 0)
Hypernym
  • ARTISAN　WORKER who WORKS on CONCRETE THINGS he is EDUCATED FOR. (anc: 9/0, child: 9)
  • WORKER　ADULT EMPLOYED by the GOVERNMENT OR by ENTREPRENEURS to WORK FOR them.[[ARBEITER]] (anc: 8/0, child: 1)
  • ADULT　HUMAN who is SUFFICIENTLY OLD to ESTABLISH his/her SEPARATE HOME. (anc: 7/0, child: 20)
  • 古代文化詞異集類辨考 Gudai wenhua ci yi ji lei bian kao ( HUANG JINGUI 1995) p. 103

  • 古辭辨 Gu ci bian ( WANG FENGYANG 1993) p. 363

  • Encyclopedia of Religion ( JONES 2005) p.

    CLOWN

  • Encyclopedia of Comparative Iconography ( ROBERTS 1998) p. 329

    • Words (24 items)

    侏儒  zhū rú OC: tjo njo MC: tɕi̯o ȵi̯o 18 Attributions

    Zhū rú 侏儒 is a general word for a dwarf, and since the dwarf at court typically acted as a clown, the term came also to refer generally to clowns.

      Syntactic words
    • NP{N1=N2}dwarf clown
    優  yōu OC: qu MC: ʔɨu
    優优  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 7 Attributions

    Yōu 優 and yōu rén 優人 refers to dwarf-clowns who perform through comic talk, comic action and slapstick comedy.

      Syntactic words
    • n+NprtitleJester Npr
    • nagentcourt entertainer; public actor; public jester
    倡優  chāng yōu OC: thjaŋ qu MC: tɕhi̯ɐŋ ʔɨu 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVobjectlike an entertainer Sima Qian, BAO REN'ANSHU: 倡優畜之 "keep like entertainers"
    • NPcollectiveentertainers of all sorts
    倡  chàng OC: thjaŋs MC: tɕhi̯ɐŋ 5 Attributions

    Chàng 倡 refers occasionally to an entertainer specialised in singing, especially the main singer.

      Syntactic words
    • nprofessional entertainer specialising in song
    • viactlead the singing, be the song-leader
    優笑  yōu xiào OC: qu sqows MC: ʔɨu siɛu 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VP[adN]court jester
    俳優  pái yōu OC: brɯɯd qu MC: bɣɛi ʔɨu 2 Attributions

    Pái 俳 and more often pái yōu 俳優 refer to a superior specialist in comic talk.

      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialjesters
    狎徒  xiá tú OC: ɡraab daa MC: ɦɣap duo̝ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPcourt entertainer
    棚頭  péng tóu OC: braaŋ doo MC: bɣaŋ du 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPThis word appeared during the Song dyn. and refers to persons engaged in all kinds of entertainment and especially gambling activities (e.g. rooster fights, bedding, etc.)
    侏  zhū OC: tjo MC: tɕi̯o 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • ndwarf acting as entertainer
    儒  rú OC: njo MC: ȵi̯o 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • ndwarf-clown
    笑  xiào OC: sqows MC: siɛu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • v[adN]buffoon, jester
    俳唱  pái chàng OC: brɯɯd thjaŋs MC: bɣɛi tɕhi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • ncourt comedy, court jesting
    優俳  yōu pái OC: qu brɯɯd MC: ʔɨu bɣɛi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • ncomedy actor???; comedy
    俳舞  pái wǔ OC: brɯɯd maʔ MC: bɣɛi mi̯o 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nQIANFULUN: comic performance
    優徒  yōu tú OC: qu daa MC: ʔɨu duo̝ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP{N1adN2}agentjesters
    女樂  nǚ yuè OC: naʔ ŋɡraawɡ MC: ɳi̯ɤ ŋɣɔk 0 Attributions

    Nu# yuè 女樂 is a standard general term for female musical entertainers or female musicians.

      Syntactic words
    伎  jì OC: ɡreʔ MC: giɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • n?????
    伶  líng OC: ɡ-reeŋ MC: leŋ 0 Attributions

    Lìng 伶refers specifically to a musician-entertainer who accompanies the main singers chàng 倡.

      Syntactic words
    • nmusical entertainer, typically specialised in musical accompaniment
    俳  pái OC: brɯɯd MC: bɣɛi 0 Attributions

    Pái 俳 and more often pái yōu 俳優 refer to a superior specialist in comic talk.

      Syntactic words
    • nHANSHU: court jester specialising in funny talk
    拍彈  pāi dàn OC: phraaɡ daans MC: phɣɛk dɑn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPpost-Han, SANGUOZHI: comic performance by
    妓  jì OC: ɡreʔ MC: giɛ 0 Attributions

    The most current general word for an entertainer is jì 妓, and this word refers to any entertainer including artists, dancers, and clowns of any kind.

      Syntactic words
    愚  yú 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe foolishCH
    樂  yuè OC: ŋɡraawɡ MC: ŋɣɔk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nentertainer
    涖  lì MC: lijH OC: ɡ-rɯbs 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNenter and fulfill officeCH