OR    或者非則

RELATION between two SENCENCES S1 AND S2 such that IF NOT S1 THEN S2.
ALTERNATIVEALTERNATIVELY
Old Chinese Criteria
1. There is no word for "or" linking declarative sentences. The current paraphrase is fēi 非...zé 則 "if not..., then". 2. The current general word between alternative questions is yì 抑. 3. Qí 其 "or should one" is idiomatic in deliberating questions. 4. Between NPs ruò 若 and yǔ 與 are very occasionally used to mean "or". NB: Jiāng 將 "or else, otherwise" is marginal in this group because it does not involve the logical connective "or".
Modern Chinese Criteria
或者 或 或是 或則 抑或 還是 要麼 要麼... 要麼 要 抑 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／ LU JIANMING
Hyponym
  • ID EST　OR, USING ANOTHER MORE CLEAR EXPLANATION of what has been SAID. (anc: 6/0, child: 0)
Hypernym
  • RELATION　FEATURE of TWO OR MORE THINGS TOGETHER. (anc: 4/0, child: 15)
  • FEATURE　ABSTRACT OBJECT a THING is SAID to BE OR to HAVE. (anc: 3/0, child: 19)
  • OBJECT　[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to. (anc: 2/0, child: 6)
  • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 407

    592. Cod. Vat. Inter QUE et VE hoc interest, quod QUE conjunctio est, VE disjunctio. [AREV.]

    ]

    592. Inter Ve et que. Ve distinguit, que conjungit.

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 2.261

    DISJUNKTION

  • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 191

    • Words (29 items)

    或  huò OC: ɡʷɯɯɡ MC: ɦək 40 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • padS1.postS2...或or (but mostly paraphrasable also by "and")CH
    • padS1.postS2或...orCH
    • padV1.postV2or (see 或復)
    • padVrepeatedeither... or (but mostly paraphrasable also by "and"); or perhaps
    與不  yǔ bù MC: yoX pjut OC: k-laʔ pɯʔ 25 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • padV1.postV1or not; no matter whether V or not V, (in all cases)CH
    • PPpostSor not=與否 or notCH
    非  fēi MC: pj+j OC: pɯl 21 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt+V1{則V2}if not V1 then V2> either V1 or V2CH
    與  yǔ OC: k-laʔ MC: ji̯ɤ 19 Attributions

    Between NPs ruò 若 and yǔ 與 are very occasionally used to mean "or".

      Syntactic words
    • vt+V1.postadV2or (between verbals：claimed disjunctions!)
    • vtoN1.postN2or (between nominals)
    其  qí OC: ɡɯ MC: gɨ 17 Attributions

    Qí 其 "or should one" is idiomatic in deliberating questions.

      Syntactic words
    • padS1.post-S2or shall we, or should we?; or perhaps; either... or;Note OBI: 其 V 其弗 V: whether we V or not　ZGC: 其不乎？ "or not?"
    將  jiāng OC: skaŋ MC: tsi̯ɐŋ 15 Attributions

    NB: Jiāng 將 "or else, otherwise" is marginal in this group because it does not involve the logical connective "or".

      Syntactic words
    • padS1.adS2either  (e.g.  in 將S1邪, 將S2邪)
    • vadS1.post-S2or else
    • vadS1.post-S2in questions: or alternatively; or perhaps rather (將S2邪, 將S1邪)LZ
    若  ruò OC: njaɡ MC: ȵi̯ɐk 14 Attributions

    Between NPs ruò 若 and yǔ 與 are very occasionally used to mean "or".

      Syntactic words
    • padN1.+padN2若　若　whether ... orCH
    • padN1.postN2or (between nominals)
    • padN1.postN2mathematical termCHEMLA 2003:
    • padS1.postS2:adS3or ifCH
    • padV1.adV2or; whether... or
    • padV1.postV2or evenor evenCH
    • padV1.postV2V1 and V2 subordinateorCH
    • vadS1.postS2or perhaps [[HANSHU: 時有軍役若若遭水旱
    與否  yǔ fǒu MC: yoX pjuwX OC: k-laʔ pɯʔ 7 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • PPpostadSor notCH
    不  bù MC: pjut OC: pɯʔ 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • padV1{ad則V2}discontinuousunless one V1-s one V2-s> either V1 or V2CH
    • padV1{ad而V2}discontinuousif they do not V1 they will V2> either they V1 or they V2CH
    如  rú OC: nja MC: ȵi̯ɤ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • padN1.postN2or 
    抑  yì OC: qɯɡ MC: ʔɨk 3 Attributions

    The current general word between alternative questions is yì 抑.

      Syntactic words
    • padS1.post-S2(between alternative questions:) or
    不然則  bù rán zé OC: pɯʔ njen skɯɯɡ MC: pi̯ut ȵiɛn tsək 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadS1.post-S2otherwise then> or
    孰與  shú yǔ OC: djɯwɡ k-laʔ MC: dʑuk ji̯ɤ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • PP+N1.postN2questionor
    且  qiě OC:  MC: tshɣɛ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • padS1.post-S2or　ZGC: 尊秦乎，且尊齊乎？
    或者  huò zhě MC: hwok tsyaeX OC: ɡʷɯɯɡ kljaʔ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • padSor is it possibly that S?CH
    意  yì OC: qɯɡs MC: ʔɨ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadVor conceivably?, or perhaps?
    不然  bù rán OC: pɯʔ njen MC: pi̯ut ȵiɛn 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadS1.postS2or, otherwise
    而  ér OC: njɯ MC: ȵɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • padV.post-Salternativeor else??? 而貸焉 "or else you will (have to) borrow from them
    為為  wéi wéi OC: ɢʷal ɢʷal MC: ɦiɛ ɦiɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VP{DISCONT}Is is X or is it Y?為Ｘ耶／邪，為Ｙ耶／邪
    其或者  qí huò zhě MC: gi hwok tsyaeX OC: ɡɯ ɡʷɯɯɡ kljaʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • PPadS1.postS2questionor perhaps?CH
    魯、衛、宋、鄭  lǔ wèi sòng zhèng MC: luX -- -- -- tsowngH -- drjengH OC: ɡ-raaʔ -- ɢods -- suuŋs -- deŋs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NP(go to) Lǔ, Wèy, Sòng, or ZhèngCH
    或復  huò fù OC: ɡʷɯɯɡ buɡs MC: ɦək bɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • PPadS1.postS2or else
    亡其  wáng qí OC: maŋ ɡɯ MC: mi̯ɐŋ gɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • PPadS1.postS2or
    則案  zé àn MC: tsok 'anH OC: -- qaans 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • padV1.postV2or (after 非 V1 'either')LZ
    為  wéi OC: ɢʷal MC: ɦiɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vt+V[0]or
    非則  fēi zé OC: pɯl skɯɯɡ MC: pɨi tsək 0 Attributions

    There is no word for "or" linking declarative sentences. The current paraphrase is fēi 非...zé 則 "if not..., then".

      Syntactic words
    • v1adS1ad.v2adS2discontinuouseither... or
    意者  yì zhě OC: qɯɡs kljaʔ MC: ʔɨ tɕɣɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadS1.postS2or is it by any chance?
    若者  ruò zhě MC: nyae tsyaeX OC: njaɡ kljaʔ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadS1.post-S2or (often repeated, in late 文言文)CH
    有  yǒu OC: ɢʷɯʔ MC: ɦɨu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • padV1.+V2either V1 (or V2) 有。。。有