CANDLE    燭

SIMPLE SMALL LAMP in the form of a STICK of WAX AND a WICK.
TAPERVOTIVE CANDLEARCHAIC GLIM
Old Chinese Criteria
1. Zhú 燭 refers to the hand-held torch made ussually of hemp stalks or reed. The word is also used for the torch put in a lamp. Some scholars suggest that the term refers to the candle. WANG 1993: 255; HUANG 1995: 1372; SUN 1991: 351. 2. Là zhú 蠟燭 is the post-Buddhist word for a wax candle. Note that bees were not raised in ancient China, therefore candles were rather valuable artefacts. [WANG 1993: 256]
Modern Chinese Criteria
蠟燭 蠟炬 燭 蠟 炬 洋蠟燭 洋蠟 蠟台 燭台 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hypernym
  • LAMP　SMALL FURNITURE USED FOR SPREADING LIGHT. (anc: 6/0, child: 1)
  • FURNITURE　ARTEFACTS OFTEN PRODUCED USING TIMBER OR BAMBOO FOR CAUSING ROOMS to BECOME APPROPRIATE DWELLINGS. (anc: 5/0, child: 6)
  • ARTEFACT　THING PRODUCED by MAN. (anc: 4/0, child: 26)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 7.46

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    CANDLE

    candela is a candle that can be carried about.

    lucerna is a candle that is fixed, typically on a table.

    • Words (3 items)

    燭  zhú OC: tjoɡ MC: tɕi̯ok 12 Attributions

    Zhú 燭refers to the hand-held torch made ussually of hemp stalks or reed. The word is also used for the torch put in a lamp. Some scholars suggest that the term refers to the candle. WANG 1993: 255; HUANG 1995: 1372; SUN 1991: 351.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 燈/LAMP The current general term for a lamp is dēng 燈, and it refers to the vessel (which itself is also written dēng 鐙) containing oil, fat, or even melted wax, usually made of metal. Most common were lamps resembling a bowl on a high foot. The bowl was filled with fat or oil which was either burnt itself, or in the centre there was fixed a torch, made ussually of hemp stalks or reed, which was burnt. The lamp came to use in the early Warring States period, and became very common in Han times.
    • Assoc: 燈/LAMP The current general term for a lamp is dēng 燈, and it refers to the vessel (which itself is also written dēng 鐙) containing oil, fat, or even melted wax, usually made of metal. Most common were lamps resembling a bowl on a high foot. The bowl was filled with fat or oil which was either burnt itself, or in the centre there was fixed a torch, made ussually of hemp stalks or reed, which was burnt. The lamp came to use in the early Warring States period, and became very common in Han times.

      Syntactic words
    • nhand-held lamp or candle
    • nfigurativethe candle of Buddhist truth
    炷  zhù OC: tjos MC: tɕi̯o 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • ncandle wick
    蠟燭  là zhú OC: raab tjoɡ MC: lɑp tɕi̯ok 0 Attributions

    Là zhú 蠟燭 is the post-Buddhist word for a wax candle. Note that bees were not raised in ancient China, therefore candles were rather valuable artefacts. [WANG 1993: 256]

      Syntactic words
    • NP{N1adN2}post-Han: shishuoxinyu: wax candle