Hier bin ich Mensch, hier darf ich's sein
 

English You <br>
 

English He she it <br>
 

N1 and N2 not of the same type. <br>
 

This category includes a wide variety of usages of nouns which in subject or in§ object position do not serve to identify and concretely refer to any real definite item or set of items in the world.
This category includes a wide variety of usages of nouns which in subject or in§ object position do not serve to identify any definite item or set of items in the world.

 

N is an abstract nominal expression<br>
abstract noun
 

the reference being to a human N, and the N not referring to any specific person
 

noun with human reference
 

noun is non-human
 

the noun refers to a period of time
 

The subject is a character that refers to itself, i.e. is autonymous in Bertrand Russell's sense.
 

See Paul Kiparski's brilliant article on factive verbs. // Should we put this kind of info here?
 

This category covers both finite actions and "on-going" activities. The criterion determining whether something is an actiivty or not is whether it is construed as involving the agent's intentions or not. Thus "falling" is not normally an activity, but sky-diving is.

NOTA BENE
The subcategorisation of actions into durative, conative, perfective, iterative, inchoative, ingressive etc., etc. has not been attempted in any systematic way so far, largely because in the end it will involve a considerable effort of dividing a given lexeme entry into various lexeme entries specified for their durative, conative semantic features.
 

(final particle, etc.) indicating the apodosis in a conditional sentence
 

apposition
 

Buddhist word or term
 

causative
 

causative reflexive in 自
 

change: referring to the passing from one state to another, with a clear focus on both.
 

collective
 

continuous
 

derived or extended, but not obviously figurative meaning
 

(sentence final, suffix) indicating a desired result (indicated by the V)
 

word current in a dialect
 

event rather than an act
 

Verbs like KNOW which presuppose the truth of the sentence or proposition that is their object.<br>

 

abstract noun designating a feature
 

probably female
 

figurative
 

gradable, admitting of degrees
 

historian's technical term
 

Imperative use of a verb. These uses of a verb badly need to be studied, particularly because they tend to be grammatically unmarked in Chinese.
 

• Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Second Edition ( BROWN 2005) p. 565

impersonal
 

inchoative, referring to a first step in any new development or complex action which may or may not be performed successfully.
Contrast "ingressive" which refers to the initial part of a completed change of state.
conative: tried to become a professor
inchoative: was in the process of becoming a professor
ingressive: became a professor
 

• Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Second Edition ( BROWN 2005) p.

indicating repeated action (e. g. in multiplication)
 

semantically involving the rhetorical device of litotes (See RHETORICAL DEVICES: litotes)
 

male or female
 

middle voice, neither active nor passive, but in between
 

metaphysical is the very broadest sense of the term.
 

(abstract noun) designating a method of doing things.
 

mutual
 

non-gradable
 

non-referential. This category includes a wide variety of usages of nouns which in subject or in object position do not serve to identify any definite item or set of items in the world.
 

• Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Second Edition ( BROWN 2005) p.

 not pertaining or relating to the speaker
 

a numeral
 

coverbal object